tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58984163121719878722024-03-12T17:34:29.273-07:00MBA essayJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.comBlogger236125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-58362008597786470852020-08-28T03:40:00.001-07:002020-08-28T03:40:08.800-07:00The Lost Colony At Roanoke Essay Research free essay sampleThe Lost Colony At Roanoke Essay, Research Paper The primary endeavor made by the English to set up a settlement in America, happened in the late sixteenth century, at Roanoke Island. Get bringing down in 1584 endeavors were made to investigate the east coastline of North America as far south as Spanish cases. It was in 1587 that an enduring settlement was in the end made. Anyway incredible this achieve was for the pioneers and England, it end up being one of the best American riddles when the settlement was found relinquished in 1590. In this introduction of the lost Roanoke Colony, I intend to portray how the settlement was settled, those people associated with the province and the find of it # 8217 ; s neglecting. Roanoke Island is an island just off the beach of present twenty-four hours North Carolina. The Albemarle Sound, Croatan Sound, Roanoke Sound, and the Pamlico Sound are four natural structures of H2O that encompass the island. The Atlantic Ocean is under 10 detail mis off from Roanoke on it # 8217 ; s eastern beach, however direct contact with the sea is blocked by a piece of land called Bodie Island, which is part of the Outer Banks. The western beach of the Island is other than under 10 detail mis from the terrain of North Carolina. The historical backdrop of the province can be found in England # 8217 ; s expanding inclusion in puting guarantee to a piece of the New World during the late 1570 # 8217 ; s. This inclusion was significantly progressively clear, when in a similar decennary, Queen Elizabeth empowered geographic endeavor and province of new terrains by distributing contracts for this endeavor, and it was during this clasp period when Roanoke Island was found by the English. Anyway it was non until March 25, 1584 when the significant history of Roanoke was made with the re-giving of the sanction to Sir Walter Raleigh. It was the obligation of Raleigh to do the essential commissariats to complete the excursions to the New World and bring through the finishes of the sanction. This implied drawing in transport skippers and their teams, selecting potential pilgrims, purchasing supplement and different supplies, and happening the individuals who might place capital in the missions. Raleigh by the by does non effectively partake in the excursions to Roanoke Island ; he was only the coordinator and significant moneyman. There are an aggregate of four endeavors, under the Raleigh sanction, which involve the story of the lost settlement. The first and second undertakings take topographic point from 1584 to 1586. The accomplishments of these missions incorporate bring forthing contact and set uping amicable dealingss with a local people called the Croatoan, the ammo of the island, and looking for a proper topographic point for an enduring province. It is during the second undertaking that there was a push to go forward a little power of work powers behind, while the boats came back to England for provisions. They left a couple of more than one 100 work powers, which were have to finish fortifying the island, to go on the chase for an enduring state sight, and to keep up an English catch on the island. The endeavor bombed because of the inadequacy of provisions, conditions, and the worked dealingss with the Croatoans and other progressively savage local people. The situation turns out to be profoundly miserable for the work powers when they resort to their Canis familiariss as a start of supplement. Luckily for the pil grims, a boat went to their redemption and takes everything except 15 work powers back to England. The mystery of Roanoke starts with the third campaign of 1587. John White was named legislative head of the pilgrim, which would now incorporate grown-up females kids. The permanency of this crucial accepted to be protected by the commitment of full family units. To farther guarantee achievement, the pilgrim themselves were the financial specialists. The third undertaking of around one hundred 20 individuals ( work powers, grown-up females and children ) prepared for colonization, showed up on the island in the spring of 1587. Their motivation was to turn up the 15 work powers who were left hindquarters in the second undertaking, thus happen a new settlement sight. It was found that the weapons worked by the pioneers the twelvemonth before had been surrendered and there were no indications regarding the predetermination of the 15 work powers. The accompanying measure was to happen another sight for province. It had been chosen in England by Raleigh and John White, that the new settlement ought to be situated in the Chesapeake Bay nation toward the North on the territory. The pioneer were denied the understanding that Raleigh and White had recommended. This was expected to the worked dealingss among White and the boat skipper. In this way the pilgrims had to settle in the nation of the abandoned weapons for the clasp being. While the pilgrims were piecing their places, contact with the Croatoans was restored. In their interchanges the fate of the 15 work powers abandoned in the old undertaking was uncovered. The Croatoans elucidate how a foe society assaulted the army and murdered a portion of the work powers, however what number of was non known. John White, annoyed with the knowledge of the dead work powers and the ongoing find of a dead pilgrim, chooses to build up an attack against the adversary, the Powhatans. Then again of assaulting the adversary John White # 8217 ; s work powers assault their companions, the Croatoans. With this crime of trust, the dealingss between the Croatoans and the pilgrims had crumbled. In this manner the Croatoans won't give the pilgrims supplement, and the provisions carried with them had started to bungle. With the deficiency of provisions and winter without further ado approaching, it was chosen by the pioneers that individual must come back to England with the boats so as to reduce them of their flexibly shortfall. John White was sent for the provisions in the pre-fall of 1587. He leaves around one hundred 16 work powers, grown-up females, and children on Roanoke Island. John White does non come back with the mentioned supplies until 1590. This three twelvemonth hold was brought about by a war among England and Spain. At the point when he shows up he finds the settlement deserted. There is just a little indication regarding where the pilgrim could be. This clue was the word Croatoan, cut into a tree. This word demonstrated to White that the pilgrims moved close or with the Croatoans, however White can non discover whether his reason was correct. Before White could do any greater progression the skipper and his team, holding no inclusion in the pilgrims destiny needed to come back to England. This fourth undertaking so comes back to England non cognizing the fate of the Roanoke Colonists. In late 1590 White endeavors to change over financial specialists and Sir Walter Raleigh to coordinate one more undertaking. Because of the lack of inclusion in Roanoke by speculators and Raleigh, White was fruitless in his exertion. It is non until the Jamestown state twenty mature ages therefore, that a house endeavor was gotten to going the genuine predetermination of the 1587 pilgrims of Roanoke Island. Because of the way that a test was non propelled until twenty mature ages along these lines, no 1 comprehends what happened to the pilgrims. Subsequently there are a few speculations that endeavor to explain their vanishing. John Smith was the first to collect data about the consequences of the Roanoke state. He examined the neighborhood indigens regarding Roanoke. From this line of oppugning he concocted three comparable accounts. One account was the invasion of the province and the butcher of the considerable number of pilgrims. In another story the province was assaulted and the grown-up females and children were absorbed simply. The finishing up account was that the full settlement was calmly absorbed into the nearby local people. No new data or hypotheses are finished up until numerous mature ages along these lines. These speculations incorporate the conceivable outcomes of an attack by the Spanish, sickness, famishment, and a push to come back to England in a little boat as being lost adrift. Only sprays of association in the predetermination of the pioneers happened all through the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. There was other than significant annihilation of the army on Roanoke Island during the American Civil War, so the majority of the antiques that could provide reason to feel ambiguous about light the conundrum had been devastated. I feel that the endeavors made by those include with set uping the Roanoke Colony were a learning experience for the two financial specialists and the individuals who became pilgrims. We can see that England was engaged with numerous exercises during the endeavors to set up enduring settlement in Roanoke. These exercises being a war with Spain, and geting accumulated riches and characteristic assets to improve England. Allowed this was another and new segment of the universe for the pioneers, I feel appropriate endeavors were non made to ensure an enduring settlement. For outline, then again of raising their ain collects and using runing achievements, they depended on the supplement supplies that were carried with the boats thus depended on the consideration of the indigens to give their supplement requests. The Roanoke pilgrims exacerbated undertakings when John White chose to get familiar with the adversary local people an exercise by attacking them in vengeance of executing one of the pioneers and the work powers deserted in the second endeavor. Then again of ambushing their adversary they assaulted their companions the Croatoans coincidentally. This was the second clasp an occurrence of this nature had occurred. It had happened in the second campaign with Ralph Lane ( Governor of the settlement left by the second endeavor ) . Other than I accept that mistakes of this nature uncover the conceivable predetermination of the lost settlement, by assuming that dealingss between the pioneer and the Croatoans had crumbled. In any case, I do non accept that this people slaughtered the individuals from Roanoke, I imagine that they would not furnish them with supplement supplies. From here I accept that the pioneers had wandered into within present twenty-four hours North Car Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-52746167640959545842020-08-22T14:13:00.001-07:002020-08-22T14:13:06.772-07:00Advertising Statement EssayRosser Reeves was the person who created the term ââ¬Å"USPâ⬠. The Unique selling suggestion is now and then alluded to as ââ¬Å"product difference.â⬠In uncommon cases, a few items or administrations have a one of a kind and amazing recommendation/advantage. A one of a kind selling recommendation is a definitive suggestion since its one that no other contender can guarantee. It must be something that you could likewise sell from. The idea of a remarkable selling suggestion, or USP, depends on an advantage explanation that is both one of a kind to the item and imperative to the client. The core of a USP is a suggestion, which is a guarantee that expresses a particular and one of a kind advantage you will get from utilizing the item. In the event that the item has an exceptional recipe, plan, or highlight, especially whenever ensured by a patent or copyright, at that point you are guaranteed that it is really interesting. This is the reason a USP is as often as possible se t apart by the utilization of a ââ¬Å"onlyâ⬠articulation, either inside and out or suggested. There are different techniques that can be utilized to discover a USP as it is shown in publicizing procedures and thoughts. Procedure in Advertising In publicizing, ââ¬Å"strategyâ⬠alludes to the general advertising or selling approach. It is the intuition behind the idea/thought. (The speculation behind the reasoning, in the event that you like.) Decisions about selling premises are fundamental to the general promoting procedure. The technique (or vital idea) can emerge out of a recommendation/advantage of the item, how it utilized, the market foundation, the decision of target crowd, or any mix thereof. Each technique ought to have a component of qualification ( little or enormous ) from the competitionââ¬â¢s methodologies, as should the procedure idea and crusade. All methodologies ought to be written as a system articulation, otherwise called ââ¬Å"creative briefâ⬠. Be that as it may, there are a few inquiries we should try to reply to cover the zone of vital investigation. Contender, best possibilities, and what purchasing bids have the best influence. At the corporate level what happens in the publicizing of fice would be viewed as strategic while in the promoting office this would be viewed as key. * Corporate techniques are worried about the significant elements of the organization, and spread fund, human asset the board, creation, organization, and promoting. * Marketing procedures are worried about ANSOFFââ¬â¢s framework and the showcasing blend. * Promotional procedures are worried about the limited time blend choices (publicizing, deals advancements, PR, exposure, selling, sponsorship, presentations). Viable Advertising Publicizing that is powerful makes the message that best communicates the item prospect relationship. What's more, the message must be sufficiently nosy to fight through the messiness in the contemporary media commercial center. To arrive at the adequacy in publicizing, an inventive methodology ought to be associated with the procedure. It needs to sell the item successfully by advancing them through shrewd and all around planned promotion. Inventive Brief While shaping a technique from which to make thoughts, it should be recorded in a high contrast. This assists with centering and steer the development of thoughts from the beginning. At the point when individuals recommend that a thought is ââ¬Å"off strategy,â⬠they imply that it doesnââ¬â¢t relate back to the characterized procedure, and will consequently be a lot harder to offer the plan to the customer. By having a methodology proclamation close by, you can continue alluding back to it while producing thoughts from that procedure. It is extremely hard, regardless of whether you are an accomplished innovative, to deliver an incredible crusade thought (or even a solitary one shot) without a strong, tight methodology. To put it plainly, the better you are informed, the simpler your activity will be. An inadequately characterized, vogue, ââ¬Å"woolyâ⬠brief is no utilization to an innovative individual, nor is exceptionally explicit one that confines the quantity of th oughts. The following are the fundamental instances of the headings in an imaginative brief, * Client * Product/administration * Product and market foundation (speculation) * Competition * Business/Advertising Objective (issue to understand) * Media * Target showcase/Group/Audience * Proposition/Promise/Benefit * Proposition Support Points * Tone of Voice * ââ¬Å"Mandatoriesâ⬠(Inclusions/Exclusions) Media in Advertising The selection of media relies on the sort of item or administration being publicized, the objective market, and the clientââ¬â¢s financial plan. Each crusade can be in one type of media, or different structures. Conventional publicizing media incorporates print, TV, and radio. Non-customary incorporates encompassing and guerrilla ideas. Moreover, there is immediate media, and intuitive media. In the UK, each sort of media is characterized by its connection to a theoretical ââ¬Å"lineâ⬠that separates the two. Customary media is ââ¬Å"above the line,â⬠while direct showcasing and intuitive publicizing is ââ¬Å"below the line.â⬠Companies that produce work in all the structures are alluded to as ââ¬Å"through the lineâ⬠organizations, or ââ¬Å"full service.â⬠Other divisions inside promoting incorporate deals advancement, and business-to-business. While business-to-buyer promoting, when the expertise is created, the equivalent imaginative procedure can without much of a stretch be applied to these different types of media and publicizing. Situating All items and organizations, as observed by the client, involve a ââ¬Ëpositionââ¬â¢ in the market whether they plan it or not. This may be, for instance, significant expense high worth, low value low worth, significant expense low worth, great organization not all that great organization, etc, when contrasted and practically identical contending items and contending associations. Most present day associations currently endeavor to effectively impact this situation in the market by coordinating item and corporate advantages with the necessities of plainly distinguished sections. The administrators have performed expertly, be incorporated to coordinate the distinguished needs of the objective market. Situating is the manner by which the advertiser needs the purchaser to see its item comparative with the opposition. Despite the fact that item separation assumes a job in making an item position, item contrasts represent just piece of a productââ¬â¢s position. A situating procedu re additionally remembers the way for which a productââ¬â¢s factors are consolidated, how they conveyed, and who imparts them. The size (and estimation) of the publicizing corporate and brand situating is critical to the prosperity of any organization thus ought to be left to the office proficient. Copywriting Copywriting is a basic piece of the plan correspondence blend, and those of us who do it professionally will reveal to you that making back rubs and recounting stories is a compensating mental procedure, even in the business setting. Youââ¬â¢ll find that having the option to create a reaction from your crowd is an important and profoundly looked for after expertise. Duplicate (or content, or words) utilized in configuration is an exceptionally specific sort of experimental writing that requires the motivation of a craftsman and the control of an expert or craftswoman. In contrast with the rails on which the publicist runs, the author or artist has no confinements. Verse and narrating are trips of the creative mind, with no customer or news editorial manager to hold up under at the top of the priority list. Regardless of whether the character of the essayist radiates through legitimately or in a roundabout way, this is the most perfect experimental writing â⬠it can take off tow ard any path, be as anecdotal as it needs to be, and go any place it satisfies. Composing duplicate, nonetheless, is tied in with adhering to brief, while giving recognition to the inventiveness and style of the writer and narrator. Columnists and marketing specialists are business journalists, yet the substance of the job is totally extraordinary. Much of the time writer need to make the story from the scratch, typically by following leads. They should explore the realities to take care of business, find the various perspectives and sentiments, and unite this material precisely and lucidly. Articles are frequently kept in touch with a firmly characterized structure, while highlights can permit more space for singular articulation and the interlacing of the writerââ¬â¢s perspective. The message must be verifiably right, adjusted, and reasonable, however the author is permitted to take a position, which could mirror that of the paper or, on account of normal section, the writerââ¬â¢s conclusion. Copywriting gets from every single other field of writing as i ts continued looking for imaginative articulation, however there is no space for your character in the duplicate that you compose; you are basically a recorder, an employed mouthpiece for your customer, and it is the brandââ¬â¢s voice that must come through, uproariously and unmistakably. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-23224253014855091732020-08-21T11:54:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:54:39.169-07:00Poetry Analysis of Batter My Heart Essay Example For StudentsVerse Analysis of Batter My Heart Essay Indeed, he would need to be caught and totally made again to ever discover such confidence. The whole sonnet is driven by this frantic aching for restoration. The speaker appears to begin with a solicitation that shows his misery essentially as a result of its cruelty. (He demands to have his heart battered. - Len 1) As he proceeds In supplication, the character turns out to be increasingly upset. He clarifies his sentiments of all out powerlessness in the likeness found in line five, where he analyzes himself to a usurped town. By nine eleven he has claimed his profound pull love for his God and his mindfulness that he will never be dedicated to this affection except if he is torn and broken and afterward made In every breath discharged or word mumbled by this character, the peruser Is consummately mindful that he is at the remainder of any quality he may have recently had. The speaker is very mindful that he is feeble all alone. He makes every effort possible in this cry to his God for help, yet rather is totally lowered by his transgression. The words are loaded with a urgent aching to at last have a valid, absolutely dedicated love for his God. This franticness drives the whole sonnet from the absolute first word to the last. The essential specialized gadget In this sonnet Is the utilization of negating Ideas, or Catch 22s. The speaker reliably requests that his God award him a solicitation that can be increased distinctly by going in what is by all accounts the other way. He demands to be toppled with the goal that he may rise and remain (In 31 and significantly more clearly to be violated just so he can get virtuous (In 14). In almost every sentence Done composes, there is a case of such a Catch 22. The reiteration of these contradicting ideas makes the tone of edginess In the speakers words effectively perceptible. A man must be at his outright end to ask that his God accomplish more than basically look to patch his injuries. The speaker pronounces in lines one and two that he would prefer to be battered. The way that the voice of the speaker is by all accounts shouting out these solicitations with no restriction demonstrates that he is totally devoured by this requirement for the subsequent dependability that Is guaranteed. Really see how powerless and injured the speaker feels. A symbolism that contacts he perusers feeling of feeling, both truly and inwardly, is outlined dominatingly all through the refrain. The words paint superbly the awful pictures of being detained, broken, or violated. The peruser feels the torment that would be brought if these things really happened. Simultaneously the cruel words and pictures cause the peruser to likewise relate to the enthusiastic express the speaker must be in to make such asks for. Done likewise utilizes other lovely gadgets that cause the peruser to feel the words rather than just understanding them. For instance, the similar sounding word usage in line four (break, blow, consume) carries with it the sentiment of being wrecked or toppled essentially by its beating mood. The structure of the sonnets sentences additionally appears to pressure the speakers current state more than the assistance that would be brought by his God mediating. Done does this by putting these improved outcomes in the sentences as subordinate provisos, making the peruser give less accentuation to the opportunities for mending and spotlight more on the speakers current condition of sadness. Donnas sonnet is generally speaking charming, genuine, and moving. It mixes feeling within the perusers and holds their consideration with the cruel reality that this sonnet is the portrayal of almost all individuals who have confidence. In spite of the fact that the expression three-faculty God is a suggestion to the Christian triumvirate, any individual who is profound established in their religion can identify with this frantic yearning to be dedicated to their God in a genuine and enthusiastic manner. In spite of the fact that difficult to accept, the vast majority of those individuals likely feel that this sonnet depended on an energetic supplication from their own one of a kind heart. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-10005730319897395212020-05-26T14:19:00.001-07:002020-05-26T14:19:06.567-07:00The Foolproof Position Paper Essay Samples StrategyThe Foolproof Position Paper Essay Samples Strategy Vital Pieces of Position Paper Essay Samples In other words, the position paper is intended to give delegates a chance to organize their research into an organized policy statement. Ultimately, a conclusion ought to be written to restate your nation's position and sum up what you aspire to achieve throughout the length of the conference (D). In this instance, Kant states that it's not correct to separate or utilize determination against free will. There are plenty of alternatives available when it comes to deciding on the most suitable position. The Hidden Truth About Position Paper Essay Samples In case you have any other insights on what makes a great position paper or you know a whole lot of excellent samples to have a look at, do not be hesitant to share with us in the comments. You might need to examine a position paper sample before starting the practice. You could have some great suggestions in your paper but in the event that you can't effectively communicate them, you won't obtain a really good mark. The Body of the Paper You are going to feel more comfortable in the body of the paper in which you explain ideas just like you have in prior papers. Whenever you choose to ask us for expert aid, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. Otherwise, you can rely on reliable writing companies and ask assistance and advice from them. If you don't have a chance to go somewhere, support someone financially. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. A position essay, on the flip side, isn't simply your opinion. You don't have to change your position to fulfill the audience, just make sure to observe the undertaking. When you are unable to understand the topic well, you may wind up giving points which do not display your position. Explain your po sition stays the best one, regardless of the strength of counter arguments. What is Actually Going on with Position Paper Essay Samples In any case, the paper is well-structured and organized in a simple to scan manner making it simple for the audience to familiarize themselves with the arguments. You desire the reader to truly feel satisfied and convinced. Want to have a very good mark, you should write in a very clear and concise method. In addition, don't forget to put quotation marks around the precise words utilized by your interviewee. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Consider what your readers want or will need to understand. Enable the reader see the demand for your paper by what you're calling for address. Though the content is crucial, it isn't going to mean much in the event the reader can't understand what you're attempting to say. Do not be hesitant to contact us in case you have any questions regardin g position papers or their submission. Before writing your position paper, you are going to want to make an outline that will be able to help you organize your ideas and ideas. With what has been gathered, someone may then compose a comprehensive essay concerning the exchange. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Position Paper Essay Samples In the end, using tablets over textbooks is a bright strategy for schools. Using tablets rather than textbooks may give students the advantage they require. Have students assess whether the model introduction comprises all the necessary components. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. A conclusion is, without a doubt, the main portion of the argumentative essay because you can either support the very good impression or des troy it entirely. Make certain your conclusion is related to your introduction. To conclude, you're supposed to summarize all your points and provide your view on the argument. Each paragraph will contain a principal argument which will help clarify and support your position. As a rule of thumb, you should address just one significant idea per paragraph. It is my opinion that there are lots of cases in which aren't tried correctly and fairly. Since you may see, the process is everywhere the same. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-47202967337708282312020-05-15T20:55:00.001-07:002020-05-15T20:55:07.963-07:00The Hurricane Katrina Hit New Orleans - 878 Words Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in August of 2005. A once vibrant and cultural community was decimated by harsh winds and extreme flooding. The rescue efforts sent to Louisiana were substantial, consisting of now only FEMA but also donated services from other countries as well. Even so thousands of people were displaced from their homes. There are people who refused to leave even after their homes were flooded and their mementos lost to the dirty polluted water. Ten years after the fact the city is still under construction. There are varying degrees of repair from street to street, the tourist area was one of the first few areas to be repaired, and the neighboring residential areas seem to have become of secondary importance. People were forced into homelessness because they could not afford to repair the house they had worked to attain before the hurricane toppled their economy. Still to this day the homeless line the streets, which should seem scary and dangerous, but it does not feel that way. It has become obvious that people need to learn to look beyond their own beliefs to better understand the world as a whole because not everything is how it seems. I went to New Orleans in May of 2015 to see my brother graduate from Loyola University, I had never gone to see him once in his four years there because my parents feared for my safety. I was told to be afraid of the people on the streets, to always be with someone who was bigger and stronger than myself. I was walkingShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans798 Words à |à 3 Pages I am doing a project on the impacts on New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina hit on August 28, 2005. The hurricane caused many deaths and many injured people after this disaster. They lost so much money for repairs and all the oil that they lost from this catastrophic event. The news reporters saw this coming way before it happened. 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Although there were several events in the history of this country that would lead oneRead MoreThe Wrath of Mother Nature: Disaster Management of Hurricane Katrina1341 Words à |à 6 PagesEarth. Hurricane Katrina was one of the worst natural disasters ever recorded. With fierce winds and high water levels Katrina hit the city of New Orleans with great force on Monday Aug 29th 2005 (Oshinsky). The water rose so high that it left about 80 percent of New Orleans underwater (Oshinsky). The truly sad part of this whole situation is how ill prepared New Orleans was for this disaster. Many people thought that Hurricane Katrina would skim by the coast of New Orleans like many hurricanes in the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-26209275942748000692020-05-06T17:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:05:37.827-07:00Alexander The Great Report - 1250 Words Alexander the Great Report By: Tanner Johnson In 356 B.C.E., a young boy was born who would one day rule almost the entire known world. His name was Alexander III, eventually Alexander the Great. His father was Philip II, king of Macedonia. Philip himself had already transformed Macedonia into a military might to be reckoned with, before Philip came into power, a historian by the name of Arrian of Nicomedia said ââ¬Å"the Macedonians were wandering about without resources, many of them clothed in sheepskins and pasturing small flocks in the mountains, defending them with difficulty against the Illyrians, Triballians and neighboring Thracians. They were poor, had no means to resources, and no strong army. But after many years, Philip came into power, and through his diplomacy with other nations and by recruiting and training a new army took a city called Amphipolis. This cities biggest asset was its gold mines. Thus began the building of a stronger, richer, and united country led with a capable leader. By the time Alexander was a young boy, his father had already promised him the throne of a well-established country. Alexander was bright, he was trained in the art of war by his father, and in education his father hired a personal tutor for Alexander. Aristotle. The classical worldââ¬â¢s most brilliant mind. He taught young Alexander, philosophy, science, medicine, morals, religion, and logic. But the biggest thing he taught him was thinking on his feet, which would greatly come inShow MoreRelatedA Report On Alexander The Great Essay1269 Words à |à 6 PagesSynopsis I did my this day in history report on Alexander the Great. Alexander the great is known for many things. He was king of Macedonia, a military genius, and the greatest conqueror of all time-to name a few. Alexander was taught by many great minds, perhaps most responsible for his greatness was Aristotle. Alexander was given many hard tasks and tremendous responsibilities as a child and teen, which he carried out with ease. As an adult king, Alexander ruled over Macedonia and kept it safeRead More Report On Alexander The Great Essay1834 Words à |à 8 Pages Alexander the Great was one of the greatest rulerââ¬â¢s and conquerors of all time. He conquered the mighty Persian Empire and most of the known world at that time. Alexander was born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was the son of an excellent general and organizer, named Philip II King of Macedon. His mother was Olympias, princess of Epirus. She was brilliant and hot-tempered. Alexander inherited the best qualities of both his parents. But he was even more ambitious than his father.Read MoreReport on Alexander the Great Essay1847 Words à |à 8 PagesAlexander the Great was one of the greatest rulers and conquerors of all time. He conquered the mighty Persian Empire and most of the known world at that time. Alexander was born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was the son of an excellent general and organizer, named Philip II King of Macedon. His mother was Olympias, princess of Epirus. She was brilliant and hot-tempered. Alexander inherited the best qualities of both his parents. But he was even more ambitious than hisRead MoreAlexander : The Human Resource895 Words à |à 4 PagesAlexander, at the age of 25, started working at the local bank as a teller. During his time there, he became great friends with another 25 year old teller, Samantha. While having a lunch break discussion, Samantha told Alexander that her daughter, Avery, is extremely ill and that she requires an operation in order to survive. She also told him that she does not have any medical insurance and the operation will cost about $7,500. Some time later, Alexander asked Samantha about Averyââ¬â¢s condition andRead MoreAlexander Hamilton ( 1755-1804 )860 Words à |à 4 PagesAlexander Hamilton (17 55-1804). Born 1755 in the British West Indies In 1774, he wrote his first political article defending the Patriots cause against the interests of pro-British Loyalists.In 1775, at the beginning of the Revolutionary War Hamilton became part of the New York Provincial Artillery Company and fought in the battles of Long Island, White Plains and Trenton.In the year of 1777, Hamilton became General George Washington s official assistant. In 1781 George Washington s granted HamiltonRead MoreAnalysis Of Alexander IIi The Great King Of Macedonia And Conqueror Of The Persian Empire1584 Words à |à 7 Pageswon t taste good.â⬠~Joe Paterno. Alexander III the Great, King of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire is considered to be one of the best military geniuses of all times. He was inspiration for conquerors to come such as Hannibal, Napoleon, and Pompey along side Caesar. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia.1 Alexanderââ¬â¢s childhood had a major impact on his later life and his military strive. At a young age Alexander watched his father turn MacedoniaRead MoreAlexander IIi Of King Of Ancient Greece1147 Words à |à 5 PagesAlexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was a King of Ancient Greek kingdom Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He spent most of his ruling years on an extraordinary military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa and by the time he was 30 he had created one of the largest empires of the Ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into northwest India. Alexander is thought to be by most people as the greatest military command that ever lived however thisRead MoreThe Life Of Alexander The Great1681 Words à |à 7 PagesMohand Mahdi Professor Hudenburg History 101 December 9 2015 The life of Alexander the Great Alexander achieved more noteworthy deeds than most of the rulers who had lived before him, but additionally, the individuals who were to come later down to our time. Alexander the Great was conceived at Pella Macedonia in 356 B.C.E. He spent his adolescent years watching his dad changing Macedonia into an extraordinary military force. His Father was King Phillip and his mother was Olympias. His mom was theRead MoreAccuracy of Alexander in Oliver Stones Alexander (2004)1421 Words à |à 6 PagesOliver Stoneââ¬â¢s Alexander and itââ¬â¢s Accuracy in portraying Alexander the Great The 2004 film Alexander, directed by Oliver Stone, depicts the life of Alexander the Great. This essay will discuss the accuracy of Oliver Stoneââ¬â¢s artistic vision in this depiction of Alexanderââ¬â¢s life and achievements. The discussion will focus on: Alexanderââ¬â¢s 7 year campaign, particularly its battles; his relationship with others, including his sexuality within the film; and the legacy Alexander and his armies leftRead MoreThe Presentation Presented By Zoe Madams932 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe inclusion of independent contractors. She mentions that such contractors were reluctant to ââ¬Å"buy into the programâ⬠and among other things, they were unwilling to utilize the parent companyââ¬â¢s adopted software, which was a requirement (Madams Alexander, 2013). From the video it seems like the issues with contractors came after the projects were kicked off and started, which makes me think that a better job could have been done by providing clear guidance a nd setting specific requirements during Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-67212401326221163462020-05-05T20:36:00.001-07:002020-05-05T20:36:21.181-07:00User Manual Critique Paper free essay sample User Manual Critique Paper This paper is an observation and critique of the Apple iPhone 5 user manual. The criteria used to critique will be of the following; Audience Recognition, Development, Conciseness, Ease of Use, Consistency, and Document Design (Gerson Gerson, 2012). The iPhone 5 is the most unique and popular smartphone available today. It is used worldwide by all age groups for personal and business use. This phone is known to be user friendly and have the capability to out-perform any other smartphone on the market. This paper will determine if the user manual will live up to the reputation of the iPhone 5. The first impression of the user manual is that it possesses good audience recognition. The technical terms are well defined, so that all users can understand and comprehend. It provides graphics/pictures of the actual screen for instruction with step by step guidance. The steps are easy to read and follow with the appropriate tone to help users understand without having any doubt. We will write a custom essay sample on User Manual Critique Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A good example is in chapter 4, where it discusses the Siri feature. This feature provides the capability to ask any question to Siri (interactive personal assistant) by pushing a button on the phone and then speaking. The user manual provides in-depth information and graphics on how, why, and when to use Siri. The development of the user manual is well thought out and has a lot of useful information on the iPhone 5. It covers all topics and areas on the functions of the smartphone with precisely developed steps. It provides all the required information needed, such as hazards, warranties, accessories, technical descriptions, and tools or required equipment. The Appendix C Safety, Handling, and Support section is where a lot of the useful information can be found. The one negative comment would be on the lack of information pertaining to the warranty. It does have a link that will take you to the warranty page, but it would be more convenient to include a brief outline of the warranty on the manual. The conciseness of the manual is good because all sentences, words, and paragraphs are straight to the point when talking about examples and steps. It does have a lot of detailed information, but itââ¬â¢s better to have more than not enough of information. The manual is user friendly and easy to navigate. Itââ¬â¢s easy to find what you want and has many options and topics. There is a table of contents, glossary, hierarchical headings, headers, footers, index, cross-referencing, and hypertext links. However, the one thing missing is a frequently asked questions (FAQs) section. This will be useful because it provides problems or situations that may not be included in the manual about the iPhone 5. The consistency is good throughout the manual with the parallel hierarchy of headings used and the graphics presentations. Each graphic used for instruction is the actual picture of the display screen. The graphics seen in the manual are the exact images seen by the user on their iPhone 5. The graphics are placed in the same location on the page with the same type of example for each topic. The same technical terms, cautions, and warnings go hand to hand with each other and are used throughout the manual. The page numbering system is consistent and all users will not have an issue locating any pages or topics. The document design has an informative professional look to it. The graphics depict how to perform all steps. The manual is color coordinated with text, graphics, and examples having different meanings by the color. For example, the key words and hazards, such as warning, hyperlinks, and topic headings are in blue text, while the other texts are black. The design is put together well and there are no flaws with the document. The overall perception of the Apple iPhone 5 user manual is that itââ¬â¢s a great manual with a lot of information that covers all basis and topics of the iPhone 5. It gives detailed information on how to use all features and when to use them. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-84951751148579629372020-04-15T00:54:00.001-07:002020-04-15T00:54:02.987-07:00Leadership and motivation theories, principles and issues Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-42203196935864697662020-03-12T09:28:00.001-07:002020-03-12T09:28:02.923-07:00Ignacio Allende, Champion of Mexican IndependenceIgnacio Allende, Champion of Mexican Independence Ignacio Josà © de Allende y Unzaga (January 21, 1769ââ¬âJune 26, 1811) was a Mexican-born officer in the Spanish army who switched sides and fought for independence. He fought in the early part of the conflict alongside the ââ¬Å"Father of Mexican Independence,â⬠Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Although Allende and Hidalgo had some initial success against the Spanish colonial forces, both were eventually captured and executed in 1811. Fast Facts: Ignacio Allende Known For: Taking up arms in the cause of Mexican independenceAlso Known As: Ignacio Josà © de Allende y UnzagaBorn: January 21, 1769 in San Miguel el Grande,à Guanajuato,à New Spain (nowà San Miguel de Allende, Mexico)Parents: Domingo Narciso de Allende, Marà a Ana de UnzagaDied: June 26, 1811 in Chihuahua,à Nueva Vizcaya,à New Spain (now Mexico)Spouse: Maria de la Luz Agustina de las Fuentesà Children: Indalecio Allende,à Josà © Guadalupe Allende,à Juana Marà a Allende Early Life Allende was born to a wealthy Creole family in the town of San Miguel el Grande (the name of the town is now San Miguel de Allende in his honor) on January 21, 1769. As a young man, he led a life of privilege and joined the army while in his 20s. He was an able officer, and some of his promotions would come at the hands of his future foe General Fà ©lix Calleja. By 1808 he returned to San Miguel, where he was put in charge of a royal cavalry regiment. Conspiracies Allende apparently became convinced fairly early on of the need for Mexico to become independent from Spain, perhaps as early as 1806. There was evidence that he was part of an underground conspiracy in Valladolid in 1809, but he was not punished, probably because the conspiracy was quashed before it could go anywhere and he was a skilled officer from a good family. In early 1810, he became involved in another conspiracy, this one led by Mayor of Querà ©taro Miguel Domà nguez and his wife. Allende was a valued leader because of his training, contacts, and charisma. The revolution was set to begin in December 1810. El Grito de Dolores The conspirators secretly ordered weapons and spoke to influential Creole military officers, bringing many over to their cause. But in September 1810, they got word that their conspiracy had been found out and warrants were issued for their arrests. Allende was in Dolores on September 15 with Father Hidalgo when they heard the bad news. They decided to start the revolution then and there as opposed to hiding. The next morning, Hidalgo rang the church bells and gave his legendary ââ¬Å"Grito de Doloresâ⬠or Cry of Dolores, in which he exhorted the poor of Mexico to take up arms against their Spanish oppressors. The Siege of Guanajuato Allende and Hidalgo suddenly found themselves at the head of an angry mob. They marched on San Miguel, where the mob murdered Spaniards and looted their homes: it must have been difficult for Allende to see this happen in his hometown. After passing through the town of Celaya, which wisely surrendered without a shot, the mob marched on the city of Guanajuato where 500 Spaniards and royalists had fortified the large public granary and prepared to fight. The angry mob fought the defenders for five hours before overrunning the granary, massacring all inside. Then they turned their attention to the city, which was sacked. Monte de Las Cruces The insurgent army continued to make its way toward Mexico City, which began to panic when word of the horrors of Guanajuato reached its citizens. Viceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas hastily scraped together all of the infantry and cavalries he could muster and sent them out to meet the rebels. The royalists and insurgents met on October 30, 1810, at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces not far outside of Mexico City. The barely 1,500 royalists fought bravely but could not defeat the horde of 80,000 insurgents. Mexico City appeared to be within the reach of the rebels. Retreat With Mexico City within their grasp, Allende and Hidalgo did the unthinkable: they retreated back toward Guadalajara. Historians are unsure why they did: all agree that it was a mistake. Allende was in favor of pressing on, but Hidalgo, who controlled the masses of peasants and Indians making up the bulk of the army, overrode him. The retreating army was caught in a skirmish near Aculco by a larger force led by General Calleja and split up: Allende went to Guanajuato and Hidalgo to Guadalajara. Schism Although Allende and Hidalgo agreed on independence, they disagreed on much, particularly on how to wage war. Allende, the professional soldier, was aghast at Hidalgoââ¬â¢s encouragement of the looting of towns and the executions of all Spaniards they came across. Hidalgo argued that the violence was necessary and that without the promise of loot, most of their army would desert. Not all of the army was made up of angry peasants: there were some Creole army regiments, and these were almost all loyal to Allende: when the two men split up, most of the professional soldiers went to Guanajuato with Allende. The Battle of Calderon Bridge Allende fortified Guanajuato, but Calleja, turning his attention to Allende first, drove him out. Allende was forced to retreat to Guadalajara and rejoin Hidalgo. There, they decided to make a defensive stand at the strategic Calderon Bridge. On January 17, 1810, Callejaââ¬â¢s well-trained royalist army met the insurgents there. It seemed that the vast insurgent numbers would carry the day, but a lucky Spanish cannonball ignited a rebel munitions dump, and in the ensuing chaos the undisciplined rebels scattered. Hidalgo, Allende and the other insurgent leaders were forced out of Guadalajara, most of their army gone. Death As they made their way north, Allende had finally had enough of Hidalgo. He stripped him of command and arrested him. Their relationship had already deteriorated so badly that Allende had tried to poison Hidalgo while they were both in Guadalajara before the battle of Calderà ³n Bridge. Hidalgoââ¬â¢s removal became a moot point on March 21, 1811, when Ignacio Elizondo, an insurgent commander, betrayed and captured Allende, Hidalgo and the other insurgency leaders as they made their way north. The leaders were sent to the city of Chihuahua, where all were tried and executed. Allende, Juan Aldama, and Mariano Jimenez were killed on June 26, while Hidalgo died on July 30. Their four heads were sent to hang on the corners of the public granary of Guanajuato. Legacy It was unfortunate for the Mexicans involved in the struggle for Independence that Hidalgo and Allende quarreled so bitterly. In spite of their differences, the tactician and soldier and the charismatic priest made a very good team, something they realized at the end when it was too late. Allende is today remembered as one of the great leaders of the early Mexican Independence movement, and his remains rest in Mexico Cityââ¬â¢s hallowed Independence Column alongside those of Hidalgo, Jimà ©nez, Aldama, and others. His hometown of San Miguel el Grande was renamed in his honor: San Miguel de Allende. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americaââ¬â¢s Struggle for Independence. Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000.Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.Scheina, Robert L. Latin Americaââ¬â¢s Wars, Volume 1: The Age of the Caudillo 1791-1899. Washington, D.C.: Brasseyââ¬â¢s Inc., 2003.Villalpando, Josà © Manuel. Miguel Hidalgo. Mexico City: Editorial Planeta, 2002. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-75099375937847867332020-02-24T23:55:00.001-08:002020-02-24T23:55:02.182-08:00The Impact of the Cold War Policy and International Conflicts on the D Assignment - 1The Impact of the Cold War Policy and International Conflicts on the Development of East Asia since 1945 till Today - Assignment Example The Cold War benefited China since it triggered a civil war between the communist and nationalist Chinese. The victory of the communists Chinese in 1949 resulted in the installation of a government, which effectively unified the Chinese people. Additionally, the victory of the communists resulted in the restoration of China to an independent state, free of the European interference. Nevertheless, the Cold War had a negative impact on Korea, China, and Japan in the sense that it created regional instability. For instance, the Korean War reportedly created an armed conflict between the U.S. and China to the extent that it created serious regional stability, which impacted negatively on the economy of the region. Again, during the Cold War, the USSR supported North Korea while the U.S. supported South Korea. Since then, the two nations have been involved in a conflict with Russia still maintaining its support for North Korea and the U.S. casting its weight behind South Korea. These historical conflicts whose origins are traced to the Cold War period are impacting negatively on regional stability. By extension, the conflicts impact negatively on the development of the region since it hampers trade. China, Japan, and Korea were once among the poorest countries in the world. In fact, the three countries were not considered economic powers until after the end of World War II. It is after the war that the countries took a path to modernize themselves. The modernization process in the three countries began by creating political stability. In the early part of the 20th century, all three countries were ruled by autocratic leaders. As such, the countries were marred by corruption to the extent that only a few, mainly the rich benefited. This resulted in the unequal distribution of resources. To modernize the three countries, the citizens of these countries, particularly those in the opposition, pushed for the replacement of autocratic leaders with governments elected by the people. This in part involved calling for the modernization of institutions in the countries to ensure that democracy and the rule of law are embraced. Japan and China then moved with speed to establish a strong mi litary to ensure that the kingdoms and empires are protected and that their political stability was maintained. However, Korea did not focus much on building a strong military as its counterparts. Instead, Korea embarked on creating economic reforms to promote trade and investment in the country. Japan and China, however, embarked on creating economic reforms after building a strong military. The three countries share a similarity in that all embarked on infrastructural development as part of their modernization process. Today, the three countries are among the top ten largest economies in the world. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-37427466044645791642020-02-08T16:40:00.001-08:002020-02-08T16:40:03.146-08:00UK employment law & Role of the State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsUK employment law & Role of the State - Essay Example sees the taxation of all items under consideration and makes sure that proper tax system and administration are in place: it is also obligated to provide enough social security to all its citizens, create and maintain public utilities, offer timely trainings on its agenda and offer job creation schemes among others. As a legislator, it endeavours to see that individuals are well justified in case proceedings and other disputes related matters, including the regulation of employment issues and trade unions (Guest 1995; p. 23). As an employer is involved in ensuring the public sector are payed with their dues and including their expenses. Also, it privatizes and nationalizes its public and private firms and by managing their ideology in employment relations. Lastly, an arbitrator in employment cases and tribunals, it forms commissions for official inquiries on special and needy and sensitive matters of the country which in turn become watchdog agencies against misappropriations of employment relations between itself and its citizens. It also puts special tribunal courts for such proceedings and hearings. The emphasis by the state of regulations is reflected by the decline of trade unions influences and its bargaining power, particularly, in the private sector. It is also shown in the increase in direct communications with its employees in its various agencies as part of Human Resources Management strategies (Storey, n.d). The following entails the Human Resource Management strategies employed by the state in various functions of employment relations. The state is being a pluralist, a unitary and global. It also enhances and employs Liberal Individualism, Liberal Collectivism and Bargained Corporatism in its human resource activities. The state emphasises the tripartite and collective nature of industrial relations (IR) as practiced in the UK until 1979. This strategy was derived by Fox (1966). This policy recognizes that employers and employees can have Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-56398767626332803782020-01-29T22:39:00.001-08:002020-01-29T22:39:03.455-08:00Lenins View of Economic Policies in Russia Essay Example for Free Lenins View of Economic Policies in Russia Essay Lenins view of economic polices in Russia between 1917 and 1923 was shaped by the factors of War Communism, and the New Economic Plan (NEP). Lenin realized that to have a successful economy and to keep the idea of equality in Communism there had to be a compromise; there needed to be a balance of state control and individual incentive for the economy to prosper. Through the failure of War Communism and the success of the economy and the drift away from Communism with the NEP; Lenin learned the dos and donts of a successful economy. Lenin described what the country needed to do to have a successful economy, he said, We have found that a degree of private commercial interest, with state supervision and control of that interest, is all we actually need (doc. 5). This shows how both War Communism and the NEP were factors that shaped Lenins compromising idea of what a economy needed to be successful. The War Communism policy was adopted to keep the Red Army supplied. During War Communism the government took control of industry, and told factories what to produce; and the government would take any grain that was produced by the farmers. The Cheka would steel the grain that the farmers produced, this made the farmers angry and they no longer had any incentive to grow crops because the crops would just be taken away from them. Also money became worthless, wages were paid in food or other goods, and many people bartered goods instead of using money. The situation for the farmers and the peasants got worse. By 1921 Russias economy was shattered. Industrial production had drastically decreased; and the cities were in chaos. Agriculture had been demolished. War Communism was put in affect to increase the productivity of both industrial goods and food, but the workers and farmers saw no point in putting in the effort if in the end it would be taken away from them. War Communism led to the destruction of the economy of Russia. Lenin finally admitted that War Communism was a mistake, he said, The small farmer needs a spur, and incentive that accords with his condition We are very much to blame for having gone to far; we overdid the nationalization of industry and trade, clamping down on the local exchange of commodities. Was that a mistake? It certainly was. (doc. 4) This quote is an example of how Lenin realized that he had made a mistake and this quote also shows that Lenin understands that the workers and farmers need an incentive to work; with an incentive the economy will grow. Lenins view of economic policies was greatly influenced by the failure of War Communism, and by the failure he was able to figure out another system that would revive Russias economy. Lenin realized that to have a successful economy the people have to have the incentive to work. Lenin also knew that if he did not improve the economic state of Russia that the Communists would not survive; War Communism took the safety net away from the Communists. Lenin had to act quickly to figure out another policy that would make the people want to work, and to revive the economy. In 1921 the NEP was created to fix the economy. Lenin created this new policy to try to burst the morale of the people and make them want to produce more grain or products. The transition form War Communism to the NEP was drastic, the people had to change there lives to fit this new, more capitalists society. Though the change to a more capitalist economy, the NEP was successful in jump starting the farming production, for example. Lenin says, Release of [surplus goods] into circulation would stimulate small farming, which is in terrible state (doc. 4) This is a great example of how Lenin realizes why he needs to change from the War Communism to the NEP, for a least one reason to increase the amount of grain produced. The creation of the NEP changed many laws that were once holding Russias economy back. Grain requisitioning was stopped. Grain was no longer taken from the peasants. Also traders could buy and sell goods, which was illegal during War Communism. Smaller factories were returned to their former owners; and they were allowed to sell the goods they made and make a profit from them. Finally larger industries like coal and steel remained under state control; but some larger factories were able to sell their products. These were some of the main differences between War Communism and NEP. During the NEP the economy prospered, because people were now allowed to keep some of the goods they made and then sell them for their own profit. This made the people want to produce more so they could have more for their family. Lenin described some of the good affects that the NEP had, he said, We have achieved much with our requisitioning system. Our food policy has made it possible in the second year to acquire three times as much grain as in the first. (doc. 2) Lenin was talking about the great increase in the production of grain, this great increase was directly related to the NEP; because the peasants could keep some of the grain they made which gave them an incentive to work hard. Communists were angry because they saw the country returning to capitalism. They did not like the fact that bosses of factories called kulacks could hire men to work for them. Also Communists disliked the Nepmen, because they made a high profit by buying goods cheaply and then selling them for more. Though the NEP revived the economy, people, especially peasants were unhappy with the new capitalist society. Lenins view of economic policies was changed through the NEP, he knew that people need the incentive to work, but he also knew he could not give the people to much economic freedom; the idea of balancing the policy of War Communism and NEP was Lenins final view of how to keep the people happy and to sustain a great economy. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-1615742541848452842020-01-21T19:03:00.001-08:002020-01-21T19:03:04.068-08:00Sals Enlightenment in Mexico in Jack Kerouacs, On the Road EssaysIn A Mexico Fellaheen from Lonesome Traveler, Jack Kerouac describes crossing the border between America and Mexico: "It's a great feeling of entering the Pure Land, especially because it's so close to dry faced Arizona and Texas and all over the Southwest B but you can find it, this feeling, this fellaheen feeling about life, that timeless gayety of people not involved in great cultural and civilization issues" (22). Mexico is at once "close to" America and yet distinct from it, a "Pure Land" removed from the fallout of Spengler's crumbling Western civilization. By acknowledging its primitive innocence, Kerouac calls attention to the difference between the ideal of freedom and pastoral harmony represented by Mexico and the reality of contemporary America. But more significantly, Kerouac describes later in the article the inherent contradictions of Mexico: in his experience with easily-accessible drugs, corrupt police, and fumbling novice bull-fighting, he also finds a profoundly rel igious people, and he is able to accept them without judgement as a complex mix of good and bad. As he says in that article, "I saw how everybody dies and nobody's going to care, I felt how awful it is to live just so you can die like a bull trapped in a screaming human ring" (33), but he ends with the understanding that "the world is permeated with roses of happiness all the time, but none of us know it. The happiness consists in realizing that it is all a great strange dream" (36). This vision of Mexico as a "Pure Land" with innate contradictions and complexity also appears in Kerouac's On the Road. In the final sections, Sal and Dean travel to Mexico City, but while Dean goes for kicks and to obtain a quick divorce, Sal goes for a different reas... ...na Baym. New York: Norton, 1998. 1072-1101 & 1126-43. Hunt, Tim. Kerouac's Crooked Road: Development of a Fiction. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1981. Kerouac, Jack. "Mexico Fellaheen" from Lonesome Traveler. 1960. New York: Grove, 1988. ---. On the Road. 1957. New York: Penguin, 1991. ---. Visions of Cody. 1960. New York: Penguin, 1993. Lardas, John. The Bop Apocalypse: The Religious Visions of Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Burroughs. Urbana: U of Illinois Press, 2001. Niebuhr, Rienhold. The Irony of American History. New York: Scribner's, 1952. Schaub, Thomas Hill. American Fiction in the Cold War. Madison: U of Wisconsin Press, 1991. Tytell, John. "The Beat Generation and the Continuing American Revolution." in Ed. Holly George-Warren. The Rolling Stone Book of the Beats: The Beat Generation and American Culture. New York: Hyperion, 1999. 55-67. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-67389943442954774822020-01-13T15:27:00.001-08:002020-01-13T15:27:03.591-08:00Book Report â⬠Middle School Series Essay Rafe Khatchadorian has enough issues around his family life, without throwing his first year of middle school into the mix. Luckily, heââ¬â¢s got an incredible plan for the best year ever, if only he can pull it off. With his best friend Leonardo the Silent awarding him points, Rafe tries to break every rule in his schoolââ¬â¢s Code of Conduct. Having gum in class scores him 5,000 points, running through the hallways, another 10,000 points and pulling the fire alarm, 50,000 points! But not everyone thinks that Rafeââ¬â¢s game is a good idea, especially the teachers, parents and other students at the school, so heââ¬â¢ll have to decide if winning is all that matters, or if heââ¬â¢s finally ready to face the rules, bullies, and truths heââ¬â¢s been avoiding. http://www.jamespatterson.com/books_middleSchool.php#.UWY9FFdstN4 Middle School the Worst Years of My Life is written by James Patterson and is a realistic fiction book that takes you through the journey of Rafeââ¬â¢s first year at middle school, dealing with the awkwardness of crushes, bullies, and family issues as he tries to break every rule in the schoolââ¬â¢s Code of Conduct. The book features many different pictures that tell you whatââ¬â¢s going on as well, and is considered a graphic novel. Middle School the Worst Years of my Life received a critical acclaim from the most reviewers, it won the YALSA 2012ââ¬â¢s Top Ten Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Readers award and James Patterson got nominated for the Childrenââ¬â¢s Book Councilââ¬â¢s Author of the Year award. James has written well over 50 books, a lot of them being in series, and has won many awards. Middle School the Worst Years of My Life is the first book in the Middle School series. The setting of the Middle School series is in middle school. There is no specific day or time that this book is set in, other than it being during middle school. A lot of the time the rules that are broken are broken within the school timing, but there are one or two rules that get broken out of school times. I think the setting has been chosen well, and believed it suited the book well. The novel starts with Rafe entering sixth grade at Hills Village Middle School. Beginning the new school year with a negative mindset means that Rafe starts the year bored and believes that ââ¬Ëit was a prison Pilgrims back then, but not too much has changed. Now itââ¬â¢s a prison for sixth, seventh and eighth graders.ââ¬â¢ Rafe quickly understands that he will be stuck in middle school for 3 years, and invents ââ¬Å"Operation R.A.F.E.â⬠with his best friend Leonardo the Silent. The plan was to break every single rule in the schools handbook. He also has to put up with the issues in his home life. His mum is always working double shifts at a diner and never gets time with her children, Rafe, and Rafeââ¬â¢s younger sister, Georgia. He has a verbally abusive stepfather (Bear) who looks after him when his mother is away. Then, thereââ¬â¢s Jeanne Galletta, who Rafe is madly in love with. Jeanne is a doubtful of Rafeââ¬â¢s plan and wishes he would spend more time on school work then his games. Operation R.A.F.Eââ¬â¢s consequences consists of many detentions with his English teacher, Ms. Donatello. This creates tension between Rafeââ¬â¢s family, and after having a fight with Bear about Leonardo and how he is a bad influence on Rafe, we discover that Leonardo is Rafeââ¬â¢s imaginary friend. Rafeââ¬â¢s actions eventually lead to bad grades, getting himself suspended, and then forced to be tutored by Jeanne, whom he had been trying to avoid because she doesnââ¬Ët like him. While the tension in the family gets stronger, Bear throws Rafeââ¬â¢s mother to the ground and moves out, Rafe gets expelled for spraying graffiti on the school walls, but Ms. Donatello seeââ¬â¢s the potential artist within him and comes up with the idea to send him to art school. The final part of the book reveals that Leonardo is Rafeââ¬â¢s dead twin brother. An exciting part of the novel is when Rafe graffitiââ¬â¢s the school wall at four in the morning. ââ¬ËThe next morning, I left a note for Mom saying that I had to go to school extra early to work on a project, which was basically true. I just left out the part about how early meant four in the morning and project meant highly illegal activity. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re not going to regret this,â⬠Leo kept telling me. The way he saw it, the whole point of Operation R.A.F.E. was about breaking rules, so why should I let a little thing like losing the game stop me from doing the part Iââ¬â¢d been looking forward to the most? Like I said before ââ¬â geniusâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦I unpacked my new flat black marker, a big old camping flashlight, and some of my latest practice sketches. Iââ¬â¢d drawn these ones on graph paper, which is kind of like a brick wall, to show me how big everything would need to be. But Leo was feeling impatient, ââ¬Å"You donââ¬â¢t need those anymore,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"The clockââ¬â¢s ticking. Stop thinking so much and just go.â⬠So I did. I set up the flashlight on a rock so that it was shining right at the wall. Then I picked up my marker and started. It was king of slow-moving at the beginning. I wasnââ¬â¢t sure what to draw first, or what order to do things in. But the more I kept going, the more I got into it, and then somewhere along the way everything started to flowâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.After a while I was running around like crazy, working over here, working over there and getting up on an old trash can to reach the higher parts when I needed to. The whole thing started to get so big that I felt like I was inside it, even while I was still drawing. It was like Leo had said ââ¬â I wasnââ¬â¢t thinking anymore. I was just doing it, like the marker was just another part of me, and the lines and shapes and pictures were coming right out of my hand.ââ¬â¢ After a while, the police show up, and are surprised that a kid had done all that work, but then again, it was illegal, so into the cop car went Rafe and Leo. I like this part of the novel because I felt as if I was in the actual scene. It was as if I was Leo and I was scared weââ¬â¢d get caught. This scene, although itââ¬â¢s short, it was intense. You didnââ¬â¢t want Rafe to get caught, but you wanted to know what would have happened when he got caught. I just believe that the way this chapter/scene has been written makes it believable and makes you feel like youââ¬â¢re there. The style of this novel is average pace. The novel begins out very slowly, and it doesnââ¬â¢t have much meaning, but once the novel gets a fair way into it, the drama begins, and the pace slowly picks up. At the end of the novel, things get more intense and more happens in a shorter amount of time, and by the end of the novel, so much has happened, that it takes a while to comprehend what has happened, but you realise that James wrote it that way for a reason, and to me, that reason was so that he could have a short book, that had a lot in it, and might eventually be able to make a movie, much like the Diary of a Wimpy Kid movies. The Worst Years of my Life uses a lot of slang humour, but not so much that itââ¬â¢s over powering, itââ¬â¢s just enough that it creates the characteristics of the book. A genre is the category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. There are several genreââ¬â¢s the feature in this novel, some more than others. The genres that feature heavily in Middle School the Worst Years of My Life are: Comedy Humour Drama The genre that is featured in the book, but not as heavily is romance. Have you ever had a crush on someone and had them not like you back? Romance is a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love. Rafe Khatchadorian discovers his feelings for Jeanne Galletta on one of his first days at school. They were all sitting in the school gym and she was one of the candidates for the student council representatives and part way through or speech, she offers to buy Rafe fries later that day, and thatââ¬â¢s when he knew he liked her. Towards the end of the novel, Rafeââ¬â¢s grades start to go downhill and the school as well as his Mum think itââ¬â¢s a good idea to get some extra help. Little did Rafe know that his dream girl Jeanne was going to be his tutor. Even though Rafe is a teenage boy who likes girls, middle school would not be any good without a sense of humor or a comedian mixed into the scene. The biggest class clown in the school is here, and his name? Rafe Khatchadorian. A class clown is the funniest person in the class who often gets in trouble. Rafeââ¬â¢s first year at middle school is spent trouble making and trying to make people laugh, but not everyone thinks that his plan to break every rule in the Code of Conduct. Miller the Killer was the school bully, and his new prey is Rafe. Throughout Rafeââ¬â¢s middle school year, he comes into conflict with Miller many times. The biggest thing that happens to Rafe because of Miller the Killer is when he discovers Rafeââ¬â¢s notebook with all the Operation R.A.F.E. (Rules Arenââ¬â¢t For Everyone) and makes Rafe buy each page back off of him for a dollar a page, but Rafe discovers Millerââ¬â¢s plan with the notebook early on, and it isnââ¬â¢t pretty. Miller the Killer enjoys making Rafeââ¬â¢s first year at middle school hell, but Rafe enjoys the humorous side of school. School is tough on everyone, so whatââ¬â¢s the best way to get through? Have fun! And thatââ¬â¢s what Rafe intends to do by breaking all the rules in the Code of Conduct and earning himself points. The catch is, he only gets given three lives, and if he breaks all three, the games over. All the seriousness aside, Rafe gives himself, and Leo a good laugh. The funniest scene in the book to me was when Rafe decides to break the schools dress code, and he was given the best chance to do this with Halloween just around the corner. Leo knew that it would only be a matter of time before Rafe was caught by a teacher, so Leo was giving him 10,000 points for every 50 yards of the school he covered in his costume. Rafe ran, as fast as he could in all black, with a pocket full of Cheerios as throwing stars, and nunchucks made from paper towel roles with rope knotted at either end. Yep, you guessed it. Rafe was a ninja. ââ¬ËI came tearing out of that bathroom at full speed and just kept running ââ¬â through the first floor (10,000!), up the stairs (10,000!), down the second floor hall past all the lockers (10,000!), throwing Cheerios and swinging my nunchucks like crazy.ââ¬â¢ Right before he got caught, Miller the Killer was right in his aim. ââ¬ËI made sure my mask was pulled down tight over my face. Then I took a big windup as I went by, and beaned him upside the head with one of the chucks (10,000!). ââ¬Å"What the ââ¬â ?â⬠Miller turned the wrong way, just as I passed him. By the time heââ¬â¢d figured out where I came from and where I was headed, Iââ¬â¢d already left him in the dust. He was twice as big as me, but I was twice as fast. Eat it, Miller!ââ¬â¢ And then it happened. Caught right in the act. Yep, a teacher saw himâ⬠¦ Well, he ran into the teacher. Games over Rafe. ââ¬ËAnd then ââ¬â splam! I ran right into Mrs. Stricker. Literally. Letââ¬â¢s just say, she wasnââ¬â¢t in the mood for wrestling.ââ¬â¢ But Rafe had another plan and it was going to earn him double points. ââ¬ËI went into the bathroom and came out a minute later without my ninja costume, running just as fast as before. Some kids got out of my way. Some even ran in the other direction. A few of the girls screamed when I cam2 through, but I donââ¬â¢t think they meant it. And a few people even yelled stuff like ââ¬Å"Go, Rafe, go!â⬠and ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t let ââ¬Ëem get you!â⬠Because, like I said, I wasnââ¬â¢t wearing my ninja costume anymore. In fact, I wasnââ¬â¢t wearing much of anything at all.ââ¬â¢ No, he wasnââ¬â¢t naked, but he wasnââ¬â¢t wearing muchâ⬠¦ ââ¬ËJust sneakers, a pair of boxers, and a big old smile.ââ¬â¢ Boy, did Rafe get in big trouble for that, but on the other hand, he did earn himself a lot of points! Rafe loves making people laugh, and I believe that the reason he does it isnââ¬â¢t for other people, but he does it to make himself feel good. I belie ve that the main theme in this novel is coming of age and growing up into a better person in a way. To me, I think this means that by using the resources that are around you (family, friends etc.) to become the person you are supposed to be. For Rafe, this is trying to get over his prank, funny, humorous stage, and into the more serious schooling stage. This can be hard for some people, especially when they donââ¬â¢t get along with their family, and when their only friend is in their imagination, but by the end of the book, Rafe has realised that even though he isnââ¬â¢t academically smart, he does have a gift with art, which sees him going to art school. Love is also in the novel, as Rafe discovers Jeanne Galletta, but it doesnââ¬â¢t impact on the story as much as growing up does. The main characters in the book are: Rafael (Rafe) Khatchadorian ââ¬â Rafe is the trouble maker in the story who is in his first year at Hills Village Middle School. Rafe is important because without him, there is no story. I like this character because he makes the book fun. Even though he isnââ¬â¢t an actual person, this character has a funny personality and a childish sense of humour. I believe that James Patterson has described this character well. Georgia Khatchadorian ââ¬â Georgia is Rafeââ¬â¢s annoying little sister who likes to be in everyoneââ¬â¢s business and know whatââ¬â¢s going on in Rafeââ¬â¢s life, especially when he is in trouble. She is also the family tattletale and always dobs Rafe in when she catches him doing something wrong. Even though Georgia annoys Rafe a lot, he also protects her, which is like all siblings love-hate relationships. I like her because I think I can relate to her because I am the younger sister in my family, and I like to annoy my older brother, but I also know that he will always be there for me. I think that Georgia is a main character in this story because she is a part of Rafeââ¬â¢s home issues because she never leaves him alone and always wants to know whatââ¬â¢s going on in his life. Carl AKA Bear ââ¬â Bear is Georgia and Rafeââ¬â¢s, abusive, rude, obese stepdad who can be found on the couch. Bear is often yelling at Rafe after school. He also argues with Mrs. Khatchadorian, Rafe and Georgiaââ¬â¢s mum, and one argument let Bear to accidently push her down the front steps, and when the police show up, it doesnââ¬â¢t look good for Carl. I donââ¬â¢t like him at all! Heââ¬â¢s so rude and obnoxious, and I would hate to have a step parent as bad as him. Leonardo (Leo) the Silent ââ¬â Leo is Rafeââ¬â¢s best friend, who we later discover is in his imagination. We also later find out that Leo was Rafeââ¬â¢s twin brother who died when he was still a baby. I think that Leo is the glue that holds everything together. He helps Rafe with school, with home, and he gives him the motivation to keep going when things get tough. I really like Leo the Silent because even though he isnââ¬â¢t real, he is the perfect best friend. Jeanne (Jay-Gee) Galletta ââ¬â Jeanne is Rafeââ¬â¢s crush. He is madly in love with her, but she is also the goody-two-shoes of the school, and she hates Operation R.A.F.E. I like her but I donââ¬â¢t. I feel like she tries too hard to be a good student, and doesnââ¬â¢t give herself enough freedom, which is why I donââ¬â¢t like her. I think that being a teenager, or getting to that stage means that you can manage school and social life, and to me, itââ¬â¢s like she has no social life. Sheââ¬â¢s important in the story because as we get older, we start to see people in different ways, and we start to like them, and I believe that Jeanne is important because without her, itââ¬â¢s not a real adolescentââ¬â¢s life. Ms. Donatello AKA the Dragon Lady ââ¬â Ms. Donatello is Rafeââ¬â¢s English teacher, as well as his detention buddy. Even though she is strict and can get aggravated easily, she also has Rafeââ¬â¢s best interest at heart and wouldnââ¬â¢t help him if she didnââ¬â¢t believe he was better than what he shows. I like her because I have had plenty of teachers that are hard on me, but they do it because they want whatââ¬â¢s best, and without that push, we wouldnââ¬â¢t grow and evolve as people. I understand why Rafe doesnââ¬â¢t particular like her, but teachers always want whatââ¬â¢s best, and he will eventually see that. Miller AKA Miller the Killer ââ¬â Miller is the school bully, hence the name ââ¬ËMiller the Killer.ââ¬â¢ He is constantly giving Rafe a hard time throughout his first year at middle school, and without the school bully, school wouldnââ¬â¢t be school. There is always that one person that puts people down to make themselves feel good, although not a lot of bullies take kids lunch money, but hurt them mentally, or even physically. I donââ¬â¢t like Miller because I believe that he hurts people because he can and he needs to get disciplined. Without Miller, or a bully in the book, it wouldnââ¬â¢t be like school life, so I can understand why James Patterson included him in it. Iââ¬â¢m not much of a reader, but I really enjoyed this book, and I found it easy to understand and comprehend because of the little sketches throughout the book. This book is much like the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, and I believe it is aimed at the same kind of age group. I think that I was too old to read this novel, but I didnââ¬â¢t find it so easy that I could just read it in a day, but not hard enough that it took me forever to read. It was a good balance, so I would suggest it for kids 13 years old and younger, somewhere between 9 and 13. To be honest, it was a good book, but it could have been made longer so not everything happened at once towards the end. In general, it was a good read, and I would recommend it to younger kids who enjoy having a good laugh and getting into trouble. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-58665505846196157132020-01-05T11:50:00.001-08:002020-01-05T11:50:04.630-08:00Analysis of the Controversial Issue of Capital Punishment... The Controversial Issue of Capital Punishment Capital punishment is a declining institution as the twentieth century nears its end. At one time capital punishment was a common worldwide practice, but now it is only used for serious violation of laws in 100 of the worlds 180 nations (Haines 3 ). It can be traced back to the earliest forms of civilization. The origins of the movement away from capital punishment are difficult to date precisely. The abolition movement can be heard as early as the religious sermons of the Quakers in the 1640s (Masur 4). In the seventeenth century, the Anglo-American world began to rely less on public executions and more in favor of private punishments. The possible decline in popularity ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Analyzing the above study closer, one might find that the threat of capital punishment greatly reduces the murder rate. But if that was the case, sociologists could show the effect of capital punishment by statistics, which they cannot do. Schola rs have compared murde r rates of the states which frequently practice capital punishment against those states that rarely enforce capital punsihment with inconclusive results. Investigators have also compared different periods in states which had capital punishment at some times of their history and not at others, but have found no difference in favor of the times and places with capital punishment. Studies have also looked at the number of murders in a particular city just before and just after an execution, expecting to see a major decrease in murders following an execution. The statistics in this study showed a minimal difference (Streib 3). Scientists simply do now kn ow whether the threat of capital punishment exerts any deterrence over society. Social scientists believe that the lack of true evidence is because most crimes areShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Is Deterring Future Crimes814 Words à |à 4 Pages The death penalty remains one of the most controversial topics in the study of criminal justice. Hundreds of convicted criminals have seen their fate by the hands of capital punishment in the course of United States history. Hundreds of others are still awaiting the day their sentence will be carried out. However, even though many of Americans still believe the principal role of capital punishment is deterring future crimes, thousands of others condemn the United States criminal justice system forRead MoreProposal Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Capital Punishment1255 Words à |à 6 PagesProposal Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Capital Punishment Proposal Annotated Bibliography Assignment: Capital Punishment By: Richard Dilay Proposal I am proposing writing a research paper on the contemporary issue of capital punishment. While, capital punishment has been outlawed in Canada, it still remains a viable option in most parts of the World, including some areas of the United States. With the recent push by the Stephen Harper government, with their crime agenda initiativesRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment1491 Words à |à 6 Pagesdeath penalty as a form of punishment. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a punishment for criminals who have committed murder other capital crimes. It is Congress or any state legislature that can prescribe execution as a form of punishment. In order to be sentenced to the death penalty the crime has to be parallel as the U.S supreme court has determined, otherwise the crime has violated the Eighth Amendmentââ¬â¢s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments. When analyzing what actionsRead MoreRace, Capital Punishment, And The Cost Of Murder884 Words à |à 4 Pageswill critique ââ¬Å"Race, Capital Punishment, and the Cost of Murderâ⬠by M. Cholbi. The critique will discuss and point out some unnecessary concepts and flaws in the authorââ¬â¢s argument along with logical fallacies. The author appeals for a moratorium among capital punishment due to racial disparities. This essay will analyze the authorââ¬â¢s paper on the subject of race and capital punishment. 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The Capital punishment was first introduce early as biblical times for absolute assurance that a criminal s life would end. The followers of Christianity and Judaism claimed to find justification for capital punishment in the Bible. According to Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-14539618109013416712019-12-28T08:15:00.001-08:002019-12-28T08:15:04.703-08:00Gender Roles Are A Set Of Societal Norms Essay - 1648 Words ââ¬Å"Gender roles are a set of societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexualityâ⬠(Oxford). Is it a boy or girl? What sport will he play? When will she take dance lessons? Women shouldnââ¬â¢t have jobs! Men should work while women take care of the house! Women belong in the kitchen! Men donââ¬â¢t do household chores! These are just some examples of stereotypes adopted by society that many believe men and women should learn from starting at an early age to help them develop into ideal individuals. When men and women lash out and go against these norms, they often receive a plethora of negative attributes that come with making their own decisions. Many times these individuals are viewed as outcasts, receive negative attention from their peers and in many cases, deal with anxiety and depression at a very young age. This issue is a continuing o ccurrence year after year and is something that not only occurs here in the United States but all over the world. A question we should constantly be asking ourselves is, what can we do as citizens to help eliminate this idea that gender roles must be followed in order for us to be an accepted member of the society we live in? Rather, we should ask how can one use gender roles as a tool to help guide them in the right direction rather instead of viewing these roles as commandments to follow which inevitably abolishes ourShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Are Set Of Societal Norms1530 Words à |à 7 Pages Introduction Gender roles are set of societal norms dictating the types of behavior which are genrally considered acceptable , appropriate based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality of the person. Gender roles are also determined by the prevailing cultural norms. Gender stereotypes also alters the the attitudes, traits, and behavior patterns of males and females. Gender stereotypes on the basis of sexism, or the prejudiced beliefs that value males over females. Common forms of sexism inRead MoreSocial Construction Theory : The Product Of Society And History851 Words à |à 4 Pagesevery person; they are the values, norms, values, and images in society that are combined, constructed, or created. Societal pressures and the media offer racial, gender, and sexual biases which society uses to form a complete portrayal of each group. From a gender inequality approach, social construction theorists argue that societal and historical beliefs determine the characteristics for each gender. Societal pressure forces men and women into their inherent roles which they may not fall into naturallyRead MoreQuestions On Door Holding Exchanges1056 Words à |à 5 Pagesaccepted as a societal norm. Some researchers have looked at door holding from an altruistic standpoint and looked at courteous behavior, under the assumption that this behavior may be selfishly motivated, that one may get something in return. Other studies looked at situational context and proximity and what may have motivated the participant to hold open a door in one scenario, but refrain from the behavior in another. Many studies on door holding behavior are also interested in gender differencesRead MoreExamining Sub-Cultures: The Goth Culture1665 Words à |à 7 Pagesinherently subject to collaborative norms and values that have been instilled in humanit y, with the consideration that this varies across cultures. The paradigm between collective action and individual desire results in the formation of what is deemed socially acceptable, such as gender roles, sexual orientation, gender performance etc. ââ¬Å"It is social norms that provide the constraints by which the interaction between the basic dyad of self and other is governedâ⬠¦social norms also provide the source of identityRead Morehe Impact of Heteronormativity on the Transgender Community In society, children are taught1200 Words à |à 5 Pagesexpectations onto the people around them. More often than not these societal expectations conform with that of a heteronormative mindset1. In a modern western context, heteronormativity is the notion that people fall into distinct genders, male and female, and lead natural roles in life all while conforming to the ideology of traditional binary gender roles. Such heteronormative bias asserts that traditional binary gender roles--masculine men and feminine females--and heterosexuality are the mostRead MoreThe, The Tale Of Genji, And Sunjata1455 Words à |à 6 Pagesinfluence the listener through relatable or believable stories, whether they be fact or fiction, to solidify the gender hierarchy as shown in literary stories such as Lysistrata, the Tale of Genji, and Sunjata. The solidification of the gender hierarchy through stories cemented women into a position below men of which women were and still are unable to escape or to improve on. The gender hierarchy is commonly demonstrated through the objectification of women. This has been exemplified through theseRead MoreSexuality and the development of a sexual selfhood is a development that can occur during900 Words à |à 4 Pagesbehavior as human behavior was thought to be directly related to reproductive processes. Furthermore, this perspective prompted Erikson to conclude that sexual behavior and gender were unlearned (nature) and instinctual. Now, these perspectives have been critiqued from the standpoint that there is more freedom to self-select gender roles than was previously envisioned. In addition, there has been a recent shift to realizing that ââ¬Å"part of adolescence is the very broad task of navigating how to become aRead MoreGender And Gender Roles1456 Words à |à 6 Pagesthey must be and how they must act determined by their gender. Gender roles are a set of societal norms that dictate a personââ¬â¢s behavior based on the appropriate and acceptable rules for their gender. This notion derives from the assumption that girls favor dolls and dress-up, while boys prefer toy guns and trucks. These instances contribute to the concept that those of male and female gender must fulfill a specific ideology. These societal standards are ingrained within us as children and we areRead MoreSymbolism In Praying By Artist Kesha1083 Words à |à 5 Pagestelevisions presenting forth slogans that represent societal expectations, and the change in color and position from the beginning of the video to the end. The imagery of Kesha being trapped and tangled up in a net symbolizes the struggles many women face in society today. In the video, Kesha is pictured confined in nets all over her body. This imagery represents the feeling of entrapment and the feeling of being unable to break free of the gender roles that are so highly expected and enforced in theRead MoreSocial Construction Of Gender And Masculinity1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesattitudes regarding the social construction of gender, specifically masculinity and femininity. Childrenââ¬â¢s attitudes are influenced by a variety of external sources, but are most strongly influenced by their home life and parents. Parents are responsible for nurturing and teaching children about multiple aspects in life, including gender norms; this occurs both consciously and unconsciously. One-way parents pass on their beliefs about gender and gender norms are through the giving of heteronormative toys Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-35666024970664735682019-12-20T04:04:00.001-08:002019-12-20T04:04:03.402-08:00Essay Understanding Islamic Religion and Culture - 1221 Words What is your view on the Islamic religion and culture? Did you know they are the fastest growing religion in the world today, with eighty-percent now developing outside the Arab world(Belt, Don) Todayââ¬â¢s generation does not show much interest or knowledge of their own religion; let alone the Islamic people. Most people only expose themselves to information that matches their own opinions and beliefs. Instead of learning and exploring new things about the world they stick to what they know because it is easier and comfortable for them. The Islamic people live in different culture, have different beliefs, and live in a part of the globe that has turmoil in the world surrounding the Middle East and the Islamic faith; however it isâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If each person took consideration for their life they were given, then maybe this world would be of less crime. There are five pillars of practice in that the Islam partakes in their religion. These practices must be assu med in order to be considered a true Muslim in the Islamic tradition. The first is Shahadah: declaration of faith in the oneness of God and that Muhammad is the last prophet of God. The second is: Formal prayer five times a day. The third is: Fasting during the daylight hours in the month of Ramadan. The next is the fourth: the Islamic people pay a tax of two and a half percent of oneââ¬â¢s savings to be given to the needy at the end of each year. And the final pillar: Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once, if physically and financially able (Burrell, David). Christianity is based off the Bible, while the Islamic study the Qurââ¬â¢an. The Qurââ¬â¢an is explained as a sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, or suras. It is seen as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture, and politics. So, the similarities do not different much from each other. The faiths are based upon a book, the belief of a higher power, and also Christianity might not pray five times day like the Islamic, but we both spend times out of our day praying. Islamic Faith has a lot to do with the turmoil in the Middle East and the surrounding areas. Islamic people deal with muchShow MoreRelatedIslam Studies Jahiliyyah1539 Words à |à 7 Pagesan influence after the advent of Islam. Elements of the jahiliyyah such as the geographical location; the political, social and religious life; pre-islamic literature, rituals of the Ka ba and the role of Women have shaped the understanding of Islam. The term Jahiliyyah means the period of ignorance or barbarism; reflecting the Arabian culture before the birth of Muhammad(Mvumbi, 2010). The concept reflects the period in which Arabia had no dispensation, no knowledge of Allah or one God andRead MoreThe Media, Oppression, And The Islam915 Words à |à 4 Pagesflattering picture? Perhaps it is the image of a dirty, turban wearing, dark skinned man. Or a culture that is often described as psychopathic, radical, and only consisting of terrorists. This cruel image has affected the treatment of Arabic people and religion by forcing Muslims to endure stereotypes that cause discrimination and hostility. The main source that upholds the harsh view of Islamic culture is the strong media bias. However, the media would not hold such a strong influence over the generalRead MoreCulture Within The Islamic Religion1290 Words à |à 6 Pages Culture within the Islamic Religion Culture is the common uniting factors that a community shares. It includes values, customs, habits, thoughts that guide members of the society. Culture can also be defined as practices and knowledge that is transmitted to the generation by social interactions between members of a social community (Pohlong 1). It differs from community to community. The purpose of the essay is to relate and differentiate culture from religion, especially theRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words à |à 5 Pages The religion of Islam garners large amounts attention. Many believe it is a violent and backwards religion. Since 9/11, Islamic reform has become an all-purpose phrase: equally a western impulse to protect itself from Muslim violence and a humanist notion aimed at assisting voiceless Muslims (Eteraz1). Extreme displays of Islamic faith such as the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 have generated negative stereotypes about Islam as a religion. These stereotypes of violence a nd backwardsRead MoreThe Encounter Between War And Religion932 Words à |à 4 PagesEncounter between War and Religion Religion has always been the central worldview of traditional civilizations. For most of these civilizations, religion explains existence and ethical thinking for governments. Each religion mentioned wages war according to their principals and beliefs in order to gain power over another. Also, they each have their own view for when war is considered just or unjust. Focusing on Christianity, Islamic, and Buddhism religions and their understanding of warfare will helpRead MoreUnderstanding Islam1309 Words à |à 6 Pages ââ¬Å"Understanding Islamâ⬠by Kenneth Jost, pg. 172 ââ¬â 176 Islam is an ill-perceived religion throughout most of the Western world. Once known as a quiet and peaceful religion, the general perception of people from other religions and most of the world upon Islam is quite distorted. Ever since the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, an influx of discrimination and prejudice towards Islam and Muslims has spread throughout the world. In ââ¬Å"Understanding Islam,â⬠by Kenneth Jost, an article aboutRead MoreSpiritual, Religion, And Culture Essay1492 Words à |à 6 PagesSpiritual, Religion, and Culture: ISLAM The religion of Islam is described in a way that, ââ¬Å"provides humankind with a unified view about the purpose of our creation and existence, our ultimate destiny and our place among other creatures. It is a way of life that is in complete conformance with nature, and with reason, logic and scienceâ⬠(Islam Explained, n.d.). ââ¬Å"Islamâ⬠is the Arabic word which means voluntary surrender to the will of Allah (God) and obedience to His commands. It is the religion of overRead MoreThe Horror Of X And 11 : The Black Skin Of The Boston Bombers915 Words à |à 4 Pagesday-to-day reality of Islamic followers in America. The horror of 9/11, the native skin of the Boston bombers, and the endless horrific news from the Islamic State (IS) continue to regurgitate in the media year after year, month after month, week after week, and night after night leaving a listener with negative feelings toward the Islam religion and its followers, Muslims. Muslims bear the brunt of social construction because the United States continues to identify the Islamic religion as a whole versesRead MoreThe Horror Of 9 / 11883 Words à |à 4 Pagesis a day-to-day reality for Islamic followers in America. The horror of 9/11, the native skin of the Boston bombers, and the endless horrific news from the Islamic State (IS) continue to regurgitate in the media year after year, month after month, week after week, and night after night never leaving a listener short of a negative taste for Islam followers, Muslims. Muslims bear the brunt of social construction because the U.S. continues to identify the Islam religion as a whole verses exceptingRead MoreLeadership in Islam1593 Words à |à 7 PagesSTEPPING OUTSIDE THE CULTURE: THE ISLAMIC WAY OF LEADERSHIP By Rohaniza M. Sumndad Leadership is defined in many ways. Richards and Engle define it as articulating visions, embodying values, and creating the environment within which things can be accomplished. Schein refer it as the ability to step outside the culture, while Drath and Plus say that it is a process of making sense of what people are doing together for people to understand and be committed. There have been several studies and concepts Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-18141746224686314082019-12-12T00:35:00.001-08:002019-12-12T00:35:03.639-08:00Sea Fever Analysis Essay Example For Students Sea Fever Analysis Essay John Masefields poem Sea Fever is a work of art that brings beauty to the English language through its use of rhythm, imagery and many complex figures of speech. The meter in Sea Fever follows the movement of the tall ship in rough water through its use of iambs and hard hitting spondees. Although written primarily in iambic meter, the meter in Sea Fever varies throughout the poem. The imagery in Sea Fever suggests an adventurous ocean that appeals to all five senses. Along with an adventurous ocean, Sea Fever also sets a mood of freedom through imagery of traveling gypsies. Perhaps, the most complex part of this poem is the use of personification and metaphor. These figures of speech go beyond the meter and imagery to compare life to a sea voyage and portray a strong longing for the sea. The two main themes of Sea Fever bring the reader closer to the sea and help the reader understand why the speaker must return to the sea. Sea Fever not only depicts a strong longing for the sea through its theme, but also through use of complex figures of speech, imagery, and meter. Sea Fever is an excellent example of varied meter which follows the actions of a tall ship through high seas and strong wind. Lines one and two contain the common iambic meter found throughout the poem. Sea Fever may be categorized as a sea chantey due to its iambic meter and natural rhythm which gives it a song like quality. This song like quality is created through the use of iambic meter and alliteration. For example, lines three and ten contain the repeated consonant sound of the letter w. In line three, the meter becomes spondaic through the use of strongly stressed syllables. These spondees suggest the repeated slapping of waves against the bow of the ship. As a result, John Masefield creates an image of powerful ocean swells. In addition to the meter suggesting the repeated slap of the waves, the wheels kick is a reference to the ships steering wheel spinning out of control. To further support the theory of the waves slapping against the bow, The wheels kick suggests that the tall ship is traversing very storm seas. Through the combining of iambic and spondaic meter, Sea Fever not only gains a magnificent rhythm, but gives clues into the location and movement of the tall ship. Perhaps, the most striking characteristic of Sea Fever is the remarkable imagery seen on each line throughout the poem. Images of a gray mist and a gray dawn breaking bring the poem to life by appealing to the senses. The powerful images bring the reader to the ocean and help the reader understand the strong longing the speaker has for the sea. Through the use of descriptive adjectives, the effectiveness of Masefields imagery is increased. Specifically, words such as whetted and flung help create a realistic picture of the sea. Images of a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied describe a longing that is shared between the speaker and the ocean. Finally, images of a lonely sea and a vagrant gypsy life bring a mood of freedom and independence to the poem. Through the use of vivid descriptions and strong images of the sea, Masefield helps the reader to understand why the speaker must return to the sea. Through the use of complex figures of speech, Sea Fever is transformed from an ordinary poem to a masterpiece. Masefield adds figures of speech such as, personification, to bring detailed descriptions of the ship and sea to the reader. In line four, the sea is personified when the waters surface is referred to as the seas face. In addition to personification, Masefield uses several similes and metaphors that increase the effectiveness of the already strong imagery. The simile the winds like a whetted knife, appeals to the senses and helps the reader feel the cold wind blowing. .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 , .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .postImageUrl , .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 , .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:hover , .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:visited , .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:active { border:0!important; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:active , .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870 .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c40771f66f24767509f4ddf4eff0870:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Another form of therapy EssayThe similes and metaphors seen in Sea Fever are easily recognized, but their meanings and implications may be viewed as anything but shallow or irrelevant to the poetic style of Masefield. One example of a metaphor is in line nine when the speaker compares the vagrant gypsy life to the ocean. Sea Fever is dominated by implied metaphors comparing the speakers life to the sea. For example, the word trick in line ten implies that the speakers life has been like a sea voyage. The complex metaphors increase the emotional tone of Sea Fever and help the reader relate to the speakers passion for the sea. Through the use of figures of speech such as personification, simile and metaphor, the poem is enhanced by further development of the theme and the imagery. From the intensity of the speakers feelings, two themes are created that complement each other. First, a theme of longing for freedom and an adventurous ocean is developed. Although not the only theme, it is very recognizable and easily found after the initial reading of the poem. For example, this yearning for the sea can easily be seen in the refrain I must go down to the seas again. The title Sea Fever, shows the speakers hunger for an adventurous and free life. This hunger for life is also seen through references to the freedom of a sea gull and a whale in line ten. Equally important, Masefield uses strong metaphors to create a theme of life resembling a sea voyage. In line twelve, the speakers asks for a quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long tricks over. The speaker is implying that life is a long sea journey and is requesting a peaceful afterlife. These two themes work together to convey the speakers passionate feelings for the sea and help the reader to further understand the seas importance to the speaker. Sea Fever uses meter, imagery, and figures of speech so effectively that the reader is brought to the sea. The iambic and spondaic meter along with alliteration give Sea Fever a natural rhythm that coincides with the movement of the sea. The refrain I must go down to the seas again is one of the many poetic devices used to show the strong longing the speaker has for the sea. Equally important, the dynamic imagery is seen practic ally on each line throughout the poem. The images in Sea Fever are strengthened through the use of figurative language. Masefield uses personification and similes to add vivid details of the wind, ship and sea. Perhaps, the most puzzling element of Sea Fever is the implied metaphors. Furthermore, the simple themes in Sea Fever, consist of the longing the speaker has for the sea and the comparison of life to a sea voyage. In conclusion, Sea Fever employs meter, imagery, and figurative language to help strengthen the themes and help the reader gain an understanding of the speakers desire to return to the sea. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-13932170324103123532019-12-04T12:16:00.001-08:002019-12-04T12:16:05.651-08:00Bhopal Gas Disaster free essay sample The gas leak triggered a disaster that is now widely recognized as the world worst industrial catastrophe. Thousands of people were killed instantly and more than 25,000 people have died of gas-related illnesses, several thousands more maimed for life since. Union Carbide negotiated a settlement with the Indian Government in 1989 for $470 million a total of only $370 to $533 per victim a sum too small to pay for most medical bills. In 1996, t elve years after the disaster, Union Carbide became part of the Dow Chemical w Corporation, which flatly refused to assume any liabilities in India or clean up the toxic poisons left behind saying that it was the responsibility of the Madhya Pradesh state government which had taken over the site. Today twenty five years since that fateful night, lakhs of people still living in the vicinity of the factory are exposed to toxic chemicals that continue to leach from tonnes of waste lying within the UCIL premises causing groundwater and soil contamination. As a result a whole new generation continues to get sick, from cancer and birth defects to everyday impacts o aches and pains, f rashes, fevers, eruptions of boils, headaches, nausea, lack of appetite, dizziness, and constant exhaustion. During the last four years survivorsââ¬â¢ organizations have renewed their campaign to both get justice for the survivors as well as cleaning up of the hazardous waste. This compilation of selected news stories covering the last four years is a small effort to highlight this campaign as reported by the mainstream media. For an in-depth understanding of the issues see www. ndiaenvironmentportal. org. in/indepth/term/2542. A comprehensive collection of these up-to-date news clippings, research papers, lab studies, reports, documents, opinions and court judgments etc have now been made available by the Centre for Science and Environment at www. indiaenvironmentportal. org. in/taxonomy/term/2544. Links to selected CSE research papers and lab report. h ttp://www. downtoearth. org. in/webexclusives/factsheet_1. htm http://www. indiaenvironmentportal. org. in/node/292685 http://www. downtoearth. org. in/default20091130. htm http://www. downtoearth. org. n/webexclusives/site_photos/Site_photos. htm BHOPAL GAS DISASTER [ JANUARY DECEMBER, 2006] Gas victims bodies celebrate judgement Organisations of Gas victims had celebrated favourable decisions from the Judge John F Keenan of the District Court of New York for the first time in the history of the case regarding the Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal. On January 10, Judge Keenan had issued a letter rogatory for obtaining the documents from Eveready Industries India Limited that could potentially establish the nexus between this Indian Company and Union Carbide, USA and DOW Chemical USA. Sharma their Attorney General who had been fighting for the survivors in the US Courts since 1999 when the legal action was initiated. In his decision Judge has agreed to seek judicial assistance from the Indian Government, to compel EIIL to produce documents related to its corporate structure and affiliations and liabilities concerning environmental contamination caused by the Bhopal Factory. The Judge has requested that plaintiffs attorney Sharma be notified regarding examination of documents before the appropriate courts in India. Two appeals on this behalf of people affected by soil and ground water contamination from Bhopal, are currently pending before the Second circuit Court of Appeals, which was decided in favour of the Bhopal victims on two earlier occasions. If successfully the legal action in the US Federal Court will force Union Carbide to pay further compensation far greater than the settlement amount of 470 million dollars it paid in 1989. Central Chronicle / Bhopal/ 13/01/06 Girl born after gas tragedy gets Compensation twice Staff Reporter / Bhopal Compensation to gas victims was disbursed off to help them recover from the tragedy. However, few denizens had not only fraudulently got the names of their kin included in the compensation list, they also managed to obtain the compensation more than once for the same individual. Amazingly, the compensation was allegedly sanctioned by the same deputy commissioner twice without noticing the irregularity. A woman Naznee Siddiqui allegedly got the name of her daughter Faiza Siddiqui included in the beneficiaries list despite the girl being born three years after the gas tragedy. The alleged fraud did not end here, as the woman claimed the compensation twice in the name of her daughter. Interestingly, the woman in an affidavit claimed that her daughter was present at the time of gas leakage but the mark sheet of the girl stated her date of birth as September 30, 1987. Both the claims were sanctioned in 1999 by the same deputy commissioner, RK Bhave, wherein the girl was made eligible for compensation of Rs 25,000 each. The claim numbers of the girl were 138071 and 139067. Apart from the girl, the mother and her son also obtained compensation of Rs 70,000 and Rs 25,000 in the year 1994 and 1999, respectively. The claims clearly contained the name of the girl, her parents name, residence and age. Despite this, they were sanctioned twice in four months. The girl was also directed to remain present in the claims court on March 18 and July 19, 1999, to receive compensation as per the claimed letters. Bhartiya Jan Morcha district president Pradeep Khandelwal raised the issue and said that hundreds of such cases were approved by greasing the palms of employees posted in the office of Gas Welfare Commissioner. Assistant Registrar of Gas Welfare DS Solanki told The Pioneer that the claim was accepted only after going through attached documents that include age proof. Speaking on the particular case, the assistant commissioner said the genuineness of the claim could be cross checked after verification of attached document. Mr Solanki assured that they would again go through the documents and take action against the guilty on discovering the fraud. Pioneer / Delhi 23/01/06 Bhopal gas victims walk all the way to Delhi As many as 39 survivors of the Bhopal gas leak tragedy today reached Delhi for a do-or-die battle after a 800-km trek from Bhopal that took them 33 days. Stressing that justice still eludes victims of the Union Carbide chemical leak tragedy, the ââ¬Ëpadyatrisââ¬â¢, several of them above 60 years of age, say they will start a fast unto death here next month till their sixpoint charter of demands is met by the government. The demands include setting up of a national commission on Bhopal to oversee medical and social rehabilitation of the victims for the next 30 years, supply of safe drinking water to communities currently drinking poisoned water, speedy prosecution of the accused, 1 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster ncluding Union Carbide Corporation and its former chairman; environmental remediation, a ban on Dow Chemical and its subsidiary Union Carbideââ¬â¢s business in India and memorialising the disaster story by including it in school and college curriculum. ââ¬Å"It is sad that every government since the tragedy in 1984 has prioritised the interests of private companies instead of the people who have suffered. The kill ers are yet to be brought to justice,â⬠said Rashida Bi, who heads the Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationary Karamchari Sangh. Rashida Bi has lost six members of her own family due to medical complications since that December night in 1984. Toxic wastes are still polluting the water in the area threatening the lives of communities living there. The plant site was yet to be decontaminated. Tribune/ New Delhi/ 26/03/06 Monday, the protesters had organised a march from Nizamuddin Park to Jantar Mantar. Threaten indefinite fast They threatened to go on an indefinite fast if their demands were not met. Representatives from Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University, activists of Narmada Bachao Andolan, trade union members and members of various nonGovernment organisations had also joined them. The protestors have been demanding setting up of a national commission on Bhopal to oversee medical and social rehabilitation. As many as 39 survivors of the gas tragedy had reached the Capital on Saturday after a month -long, 800-km walk from Bhopal. Hindu/ New Delhi/ 29/03/06 Cabinet nod on compensation to Bhopal victims Special Correspondent NEW DELHI: The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved the implementation of the 2004 Supreme Court order for disbursement of pro-rata additional compensation on one-on-one basis to victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy. It also decided that the Government will take responsibility for meeting the shortfall of about Rs. 50 crore, as estimated by the Office of Welfare Commissioner. The Cabinet also gave its nod for the proposal of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to open its South Asia Regional Office here to improve the efficacy of the Federation in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of its activities in the region. The regional office would, among other things, coordinate and advise on development projects and programmes of the national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies of the 2 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster Bhopal prote sters detained in Delhi Staff Reporter NEW DELHI: Over 100 protesters, comprising mostly women, demanding the rehabilitation of survivors of the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy were detained by the police for staging a dharna outside Shastri Bhavan here on Tuesda y. The protesters refused to leave without a positive response from the Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers, Ram Vilas Paswan. Around 4 p. m. , the police detained them and took them to the Parliament Street police station. They were kept there till late eveing. We are contemplating legal action against them as we want to discourage the practice of such big protests in the highsecurity zones, said a police officer. Two of the protestors were injured when they were forcibly removed by the police. On countries in the region, assist them in the event of a disaster and also provide training to their staff and volunteers. The Cabinet also cleared a proposal to withdraw the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill to bring in a more comprehensive legislation. The Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2003. Union Defence Minister and Cabinet spokesperson Pranab Mukherjee said the Bill was being withdrawn as a Parliament Standing Committee had recommended a long list of changes in it. The Government thought that instead of introducing the change in the Bill, it would be better to withdraw it and bring in a new legislation that incorporated the recommendations. The Cabinet also gave its nod for signing an agreement with Kuwait for avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion in respect of taxes on income and cleared a proposal for India to join the memorandum of understanding on the conservation and management of marine turtles and their habitats in the Indian Ocean and South East Asia. Hindu / Delhi 06/04/06 Bhopal victims step up agitation NEW DELHI: Over 400 survivors of the Bhopal gas disaster and their ympathisers who on Monday organised a huge die in here, covering themselves in white shrouds and lying on the road while symbolic figures of death danced through the corpses. The gas victims and their sympathisers, who have been demonstrating here for the last fifteen days, announced that six persons (three survivors and three sympathisers) would go on an indefinite hunger strike from Tuesday. Demonstrators said that though the Ministry of Chemicals had been sympathetic to their demands, it was up to the Prime Minister t o clear any decision related to the Bhopal victims. They said the Union Cabinets approval for the implementation of the Supreme Court orders of 2004 for disbursement of pro-rata additional compensation on a one-to-one basis to the victims did not address their present demands. This money was long due and a result of an agreement between the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Central Government that any shortfall in converting the money payable from dollars to rupees would be taken care by the Central Government. It has nothing to with our present demands, said Nityanand Jayaram, environmental activist and writer. In a statement issued on Monday, four organisations, Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationery Karmachari Sangh, Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Purush Sangharsh Morcha, Bhopal Group for Information and Action, and Bhopal ki Awaaz cited a 2001 study published by the Madhya Pradesh governments Centre for Rehabilitation Studies that has attributed at least 350 deaths annually to gas-related ailments. Hindu / Delhi 11/04/06 year 1998-2004 and demanded that an amount of Rs 37. 65 crore which was pen ding in the custody of a court in Bhopal be released to the trust. This amount had been lying attached in the Magistrate court in Bhopal to secure the presence of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) Chairman in a criminal case, who has since been declared an absconder. The Hospital, which is meant to exclusively treat the Bhopal gas victims, has already received a sum of Rs 518 crore till date. The sum of Rs 37. 65 crore had been obtained after the sell-off of shares belonging to UCC. compensation amount should be referred to the Constitution Bench. It may be recalled that in December 1984, 2000 persons were killed and over 20,000 ere injured when the poisonous gas MIC leaked from the UCC unit in Bhopal. Pioneer /New Delhi 13/04/06 Parents of Bhopal victims protest in capital Parents o f children suffering from physical disability as a result of carbide contamination, after the Bhopal gas tragedy, came together in the capital on Saturday demanding immediate steps from the government to guarantee better health for Bhopalââ¬â¢s children. More than 70 c hildren with birth deformities have been identified from among the communities who have been exposed to carbide poisoning in drinking water, revealed protesters who have entered the fifth day of hunger strike. Expressing disappointment over the meeting with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh being called off on Friday, Ms Champa Devi Shukla one the protesters on indefinite hungerstrike said, ââ¬Å"We are extremely disappointed. Three gas victims are on the fifth day of the hungerstrike, and the Prime Minis ter has found no time to meet us, despite getting two months notice. â⬠All three sons of 50-yearold Shahida Bee are suffering from physical disorders. My first son fell ill when he was eight years old. My second son was born dead and with a half-formed skull. All the kids in our family are physically retarded,â⬠said Shahida, a resident of Blue Moon colony in Bhopal. Explaining that they are forced to use the contaminated tubewell water because of scarcity of water, the children in the area are developing s kin diseases. Gas victims allege bungling of funds Pioneer News Service / New Delhi The plea by Bhopal Gas tragedy victims alleging misappropriation of funds allotted to Bhopal Memorial Hospital Trust meant for their treatment, got a shot in the arm with the Supreme Court permitting Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila dyog Sangathan to inspect the audited account from 1998 to 2004. The issue came before the court after the Trust, represented through senior advocate RK Jain presented the audited accounts from the The trust, presently headed by former Chief Justice of India Justice AM Ahmadi had claimed the immediate rel ease of this amount in the wake of increased cost of maintenance of the hospital However the petitioners alleged misappropriation of funds on massive scale. It further pointed out to court that the accounts for the period 199698 have not been kept. The Bench of Justices BN Srikrishna and LS Panta while posting the matter for May 2 observed, in order to remove misgivings about the accounts, the advocate -on-record for the pe titioner and a chartered accountant to be appointed by the petitioner shall be permitted to wrong is found in the Trust accounts, then an order for release of Rs 37. 65 crore shall be passed on the next date of hearing. The court also decided to hear on May 2, an application filed by the petitioner seeking to set aside the compensation amount of US $ 440 million arrived at between UCC and the Central Government on grounds that it was totally inadequate, keeping in view the loss of life and property. The agreement was chalked out under the supervision of a Constitution Bench headed by then Chief Justice of India RS Pathak. The court will also decide on the question whether this application challenging the 3 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster ââ¬Å"After the accident I used to have fever. My babies inherited the same disease and they all died in their infancy,â⬠said 40year-old Shanti Naidu, resident of Shankar Nagar in Bhopal. The fate of 60-year- old Tusi Bai is the same. While his son has been diagnosed with tuberculosis, all the women in the family are suffering from severe physical disorders. The contamination is having adverse effects on the health of the children, stressed protesters of the International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal. Families, who have been victims of the gas tragedy and carbide contamination come to Delhi to meet the Prime Minister and present the sixpoint demands. Asian Age/ New Delhi 16/04/06 Govt agrees to major demands of Bhopal victims Vibha Sharma Stating to have registered a ââ¬Å"major victoryâ⬠after the ââ¬Å"government conceded to four of their six long-standing demandsâ⬠, Bhopal gas tragedy survivors today called off their ââ¬Å"international hunger strikeâ⬠and the agitation that has been continuing at the prot st venue e near Jantar Mantar, here, for the past 20 days now. The protestors, who met the Prime Minister for about 30 minutes this morning, later said, ââ¬Å"Dr Manmohan Singh assured a 1 0-member delegation, comprising Bhopal gas tragedy victims and upporters, that their demands related to clean water, clean-up of toxic wastes, setting up of a national commission for medical and economic rehabilitation will be met. â⬠Following this, the agitators, who had walked into the Capital on March 25 after an 800-km ââ¬Å"padyatraâ⬠from Bhopal, ended their dharna with a note of solidarity for the Narm ada struggle. Happy scenes could be witnessed at the protest venue with victims and supporters hugging and congratulating each other after this ââ¬Å"major victoryâ⬠. Activist Nityanand Jayaraman, however, expressed disappointment over the Prime Minister turning down their two demands. ââ¬Å"Dr Manmohan Sing h told the delegation that he was powerless to take any extra legal measures to hold the Union Carbide Corporation or its parent company Dow Chemical accountable in response to a demand by survivors that the UCC and Dow should be held liable for the continuing disaster in Bhopal. â⬠ââ¬Å"The Prime Minister said we have to do business we have to move ahead. India has to survive despite these tragedies. Please leave politics to politicians. He said the UCC was a foreignbased multinational and assured that he would explore whatever options existed within the law to hold the company accountable,â⬠Jayaraman added. The activists expressed ââ¬Å" shame and outraged at the Prime Minister of the worldââ¬â¢s largest democracy having openly admitted to his inability to pressurise an American multinational,â⬠and resolved to take direct and legal action against Dow and the UCCââ¬â¢s businesses, nationally and internationally over the coming months. We will hold dharnas in front of their offices everywhere in the world,ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ wellknown Bhopal activist Rashida Bi told The Tribune. And in the words of activist Satinath Sarangi, ââ¬Å"At a time when India is set to more than double its industrial capacity, the Prime Ministerââ¬â¢s reluctance to take extra legal measures to pressure multinational corporations is deplorable and should set the alarm bells ringingâ⬠. 4 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster Sarangi added that, ââ¬Å" It doesnââ¬â¢t make any sense to direct our protests on the matter of corporate accountability towards a man who has expressed his powerlessness on this matter. ââ¬Å" The Dow should beware now because all our energies will be focused on putting the brakes on its business in India,â⬠Goldman award winner Champa Devi Shukla declared. There, however, has been no official word on the meeting. While the Madhya Pradesh Government recently announced the allotment of Rs 100 crore for the construction of a memorial in Bhopal, protestors have been told that the story of the Bhopal disaster would be included in educational curricula developed by the NCERT. There also have been assurances regarding providing clean water to some colonies. Three activists will accompany high-level team led by the Secretary, Ministry of Chemicals, to finalise details regarding provision of safe water and the participation of survivors in the construction of a memorial in Bhopal. Josh Imeson and Diane Wilson, both of who have been fasting in solidarity with the survivors, also called off their fast. Diane Wilson, a long -time Bhopal supporter, who is on the fourth day of her indefinite fast in the USA, was in the process of being informed about this ââ¬Å"major victoryâ⬠, said Jayaraman. The Bhopal campaign, which became somewhat overshadowed by the ongoing NBA struggle in the Capital, has been receiving good national and international support. The PMO received nearly 3000 faxes and more than 350 persons have signed up to fast for a day or longer in solidarity with the Bhopal campaign. Film star Amir Khan also stopped by at the dharna site last week to express solidarity with protestors. Twenty one years and many struggles later, 39 survivors of the worst industrial disaster of the world, the Bhopal gas leak tragedy walked into the Capital after a 800-km trek from Bhopal that took them 33 days for a do-or-die battle on March 25. Tribune/ New Delhi/ 18/04/06 Dow shareholders want instant relief for Bhopal victims Rahul Noronha | Bhopal Resolution at Thursdays AGM to force issue - Survivors of the dea dly 1984 gas disaster in Bhopal may have just found new allies, and that too in the most unlikely quarters, in their 21-year-long struggle for justice and adequate compensation. More than 15,000 people have died since the night of December 2-3, 1984, when tonnes of methyl isocyanate leaked from the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal. Many more and their offspring have been maimed for their lives. Dow Chemical purchased Union Carbide in 2001 for 10. 3 billion in stock and debt. Dow has publicly stated several times that the Union Carbide settlement payments have already fulfilled Dows financial responsibility for the disaster. However, efforts by survivors to get Dow to clean the heavily contaminated site are on appeal in a US district court. Shareholders of Dow Chemical have now decided to challenge CEO Andrew Liveris and the companys top management at its annual meeting of stockholders on Thursday. They want Dow to take new initiatives pertaining to the welfare of the survivors of the worlds worst industrial disaster. Shareholders feel that more than 21 years after the disaster, the ongoing dispute threaten Dows reputation and business in India. A shareholder resolution on the agenda for this years annual meeting asserts that it would be respectful of human rights and, more importantly, also a good business decision for Dow to undertake new initiatives to address the needs of survivors. The resolution requests the company to produce a document listing the new initiatives by the management pertaining to the environmental, health and social concerns of the survivors of the gas leak at the Union Carbide plant. The shareholders who filed the resolution representing a total of 4. million shares (current value: $186 million) include the New York City Fire Department (NYCFD) Pension Fund, New York State Common Retirement Fund (NYSCRF), Boston Common Asset Management, Amnesty International USA (AIUSA), Dominican Sisters: Grand Rapids, Sisters of Holy Cross and Sisters of Mercy Regional Community of Detroit Charitable Trust. The move seems to have gone down well with those advocating the cause of gas survivors in Bhopal. Satinath Sha dangi of the Bhopal Group for Information and Action, speaking to The Pioneer, termed the resolution a significant move as far as shareholder activism is concerned. He said though shareholders of Dow have been supporting us for the last three years, the resolution to be moved on Thursday is bound to have a positive fallout. Pioneer / Delhi 11/05/06 Gas hit welcome Centres decision Bhopal, May 13 Leaders of four organisations working with survivors of the Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal on Saturday hailed the formation of the coordination committee by the Government of India. However, they strongly condemned the composition of the committee that is dominated by government officials, that includes NP Mishra, a former 5 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster edical advisor to Union Carbide and that fails to include the majority of survivors organisations in Bhopal. These four organisations have written to the Prime Minister requesting his personal intervention to ensure a more balanced c ommittee that includes their representatives. The four organisations, who led the 800 kilometer long march to New Delhi in February this year had called specifically for the setting up of such a crucial committee as their first priority. The Prime Minister conceded to the demand on April 17 after meeting with representatives of these organisations. In line with the demands of the four organisations, the coordination committee is expected to plan and implement schemes for medical, economic and social rehabilitation of the people poisoned by Union Carbide in Bhopal. It is a travesty, they stated on Saturday, that none of their representatives have yet been incorporated into the coordination commit tee. The organisations have also taken strong exception to the inclusion of Dr NP Mishra, former medical advisor to Union Carbide in Bhopal in the committee. According to them Dr Mishra is responsible for thousands of preventable deaths because of his opposition to the administration of sodium thiosulphate to the survivors in the aftermath of the disaster. Many lives could have been saved, they asserted on Saturday, if gas affected people had received this injection in time. Administration of Sodium Thiosulphate helpful as it was in detoxifying the body, also demonstrated that contrary to Union Carbides position that only lungs and eyes were damaged by the toxic gases the poisons had actually entered the blood stream and aused damage to almost every organ in the body. At least on of the nine members of the committee, Ms Madhumita Dutta from New Delhi has already tendered her resignation to protest against the imbalance of the committee, the inclusion of Dr Mishra and exclusion of the leaders of the four organisations. It was informed by Satinath Sarangi, Rachna Dhingra, Bhopal Group for Information and Action at a press conference here on Saturday. On the occasion large number of members of the four organizations were also present. Central Chronicle / Bhopal 14/05/06 No security lapse in Carbide plant: By Our Staff Reporter Bhopal, A former senior official of the Union Carbides pesticide plant today denied that lax security measures had resulted in 1984 Bhopal gas disaster, which claimed few thousand lives and affected several lakh people. Deposing before Chief Judicial Magistrate Ravindra Kumar in a criminal case related to the tragedy, the then Union Carbide India Limited production manager SP Choudhary, in his, written statement, said there was no laxity in security arrangement in the factory. The CBI and other investigating agencies had, not succeeded in establishing a strong reason behind the tragedy. However, allegations were levelled, that the factorys design, was faulty. The pesticide plant was spread over an area of seven eight-acre land and functioned round the clock. He said it was wrong to say that inadequate safety measures at the plant facing closure due to economic reasons led to the incident. In fact, a simple maintenance campaign was launched between September and November 1984. Choudhary rejected allegations levelled against him and pleaded the court to absolve him of the charges. Earlier, the then UCIL nonexecutive chairman Keshub Mahindra and the then UCIL vice-chairman Kishore Kamdar recorded their statements yesterday. The statement of the then shift supervisor Shakeel Qureshi was being recorded today. Voluntary organisations Bhopal Gas Peedit Sangharsh Sahyog Samiti and Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Udyog Sagathan, who are the interven ors appeared together in February. They included Mahindra, Choudhary Qureshi, the then UCIL works manager J Mukund, the then UCIL production manager KV Shetty, managing director Vijay Gokhale, vice-president Kishore Kamdar and another accused A K Srivastava. After the lunch recess, the CJM fixed the next dates of hearing as July 11 and 12. After Choudhary, Qureshis statement was recorded. Statements were recorded under section 313 of the CrPC. The state government was represented by CBI Counsel C Sahay and Advocate Ajay Gupta was the defence counsel. Central Chronicle / Bhopal/ 10/06/06) (UCIL). The court had recorded the statements of former UCIL Bhopal plant production manager KV Shetty the other day. Recording of statements of former UCIL chairman Keshub Mahindra, former UCIL works manager J Mukund, former managing director Vijay Gokhale, former UCIL Vice president Kishore Kamdar former production manager SP Choudhary and former shift supervisor Shakil Ibrahim Qureshi had been completed earlier. During the hearing, the prosecution agency, CBI, sought permission to ask more questions from the accused as investigation into the case was continuing. Accepting the request, the court directed to make available the prescribed questionnaire to the accused. Meanwhile, Bhopal Gas Peedit Sangharsh Sahyog Samiti and Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Udyog Sangathan today submitted an application before the court saying the investigation in the case had not been completed and the chargesheet framed against the accused in 1987 needs to be argued. Central Chronicle/ Bhopal/ 13/07/06 Declare entire Bhopal as gas-hit The Madhya Pradesh government today passed a non-official resolution urging the Centre to declare all 56 wards of this city as affected by the 1984 Gas Tragedy the worlds worst industrial disaster and thereby eligible for compensation. Replying to a discussion on the resolution tabled by Umashankar Gupta (Bharatiya Janata Party), Gas Tragedy Relief and Rehabilitation Minister Babulal Gaur said, all wards were affected by the tragedy on the intervening night of December 2-3,. 1984. At that juncture, the Centre did not consult the state Court records statements of UCIL officials The Bhopal Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) on Wednesday completed recording statements of all the main accused in connection with a criminal case related to the 1984 Union Carbide gas disaster. CJM Ravindra Singh recorded The statement of AK Srivastava, a representative of the Union Carbide India Limited 6 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster government while reaching an understanding with Union Carbide. Therefore those in the remaining 20 wards are being denied . ompensation. Referring to the AR Antulay Committees recommendations, Gaur said that the Committee also suggested review of the Centres decision. At a Group of Ministers meeting in Delhi, the Centre later recommended inclusion of all the wards for compensation. However, compensation has been provided to all those who submitted medical certificates, he pointed out. Madhya Pradesh has urged the Centre to arrange for an additional Rs 763 crore for the 20 wards so that a minimum of Rs 25,000 could be provided per person. Raising a voice of protest, former Gas, Tragedy Relief and Rehabilitation minister Arif Aqueel blamed the BJP for delay in declaring entire Bhopal as Gas Tragedy-affected as that partys government took no action on the matter while in power at the Centre. Ram Lakhan Sharma (Communist Party of India Marxist) and IMP Verma (Bahujan Samaj Party) also took part in the discussion. Central Chronicle / Bhopal 04/11/06 18,000 people registered with it for long-term treatment through Allopathic, Ayurveda and yoga systems. This year, from January to November, 6,608 gas victims, including 4,524 females and 2,084 males, visited the clinic. Mr. Sarangi said that facilities for eye-care, largescale production of herbal medicines and microbiological tests had been added to the clinic. Efforts had been taken to encourage affected communities to develop their own medicinal garden. Mr. Sarangi stressed the need for a clinic in each of the affected communities. He said employment, pension, safe drinking water, medical research, health surveillance, besides a cleanup of the soil, and groundwater contaminated by the toxic waste at the Carbide plant site were essential for the wellbeing of the population. The clinic, which provides free care to gas victims, would hold a four-day exhibition at the Swaraj Bhavan here to mark the 22nd anniveotographs, documents and other material linked to the gas leak would be displayed. Hindu/ Delhi / 30/11/06 Over 6,600 gas victims treated Clinic has over 18,000 people registered # Clinic has completed 10 years of service # Stress for clinic in each of the affected communities BHOPAL : More than 6,600 people affected by the Union Carbide plant gas leak in 1984 have been treated this year at the Sambhavna Trust Clinic here. Addressing presspersons here on Wednesday, managing trustee Satinath Sarangi said the clinic had completed 10 years of service and had about Bhopal gas victims getting sub-standard drugs: NGOs Criminal neglect of medical care by State Government BHOPAL: Four nongovernment organisations working here among the victims of the Union Carbide gas disaster of 1984 and ground water contamination have alleged after conducting raids on Wednesday on two medical stores of the Madhya Pradesh Gas Relief Department that a large number of expired and substandard drugs are being used for treatment of the gas victims. 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster Addressing a press conference here on Thursday, representatives of the Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationery Karmachari Sangh, Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Purush Sangharsh Morcha, Bhopal Group for Information and Action, and Bhopal ki Aawaaz condemned the State Government saying that it had shown criminal neglect towards medical care of the victims. Upon raiding two medical stores of the Gas Relief Department, they found a large number of expired and substandard drugs, charged the activist leaders, accusing the State Government of deliberately causing harm to the victims of Union Carbide. Of 83 samples of medicines collected from the store, 30 were found to have crossed their expiry date. Many of these expired medicines were antibiotics such as Norfloxacin, Ampicillin and Tetracyclin and steroids such as Prednisolone that could cause serious damage to peoples health. More than half of the samples collected were of medicines manufactured in Indore, the activists said. According to them, three Indore firms that are among the largest suppliers of drugs to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy Relief and Rehabilitation Department have been found to be producing substandard drugs by the Drug Controller of Rajasthan this year. In fact, two truckloads of medicines from two of these companies were being unloaded at the office of the Chief Medical Officer when the citizens raid took place. The leaders said they had been campaigning against the poor quality of medicines at hospitals meant for gas victims for many years. They alleged large-scale corruption and said the issue of poor quality of medicines had even been brought before the Supreme Court by the Monitoring Committee in October 2005 when the Committee had recommended that random samples of medicines be taken and sent for testing at reputed labs. According to the activist leaders, the State Government has not sent any medicine sample for quality testing so far. On October 5 this year the representatives of the four survivors organisations had raised the issue of poor quality medicines at the meeting of the Coordination Committee on Bhopal (CCB) that has been set up on the directives of the Prime Minister. At this meeting, attended by a Secretary to the State Government, the Director of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy Relief and Rehabilitation and the Chief Medical Officer (Gas Relief), they had presented a list of 22 medicines from the medical store of Khan Shakir Ali Khan Hospital for investigation. The activist leaders, Rashida Bi and Champa Devi Shukla of Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationery Karmachari Sangh, Shahid Noor of Bhopal ki Aawaaz, Rachna Dhingra and Satinath Sarangi of Bhopal Group for Information and Action told media persons that they would go on an indefinite fast to put pressure on the State Government on issues of medical care, employment, social rehabilitation and environmental remediation. They said that the fast, to coincide with the New Year, would be for a new beginning in relief and rehabilitation of the victims of Union Carbide disaster. Hindu / Delhi / 15/12/06 8 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster BHOPAL GAS DISASTER [JANUARY DECEMBER, 2007] To get Dow to invest, Tata offers to lead initiative on Bhopal SHISHIR GUPTA IN a first-o f-its-kind corporate move, Tata group chairman Ratan Tata has volunteered his services to the UPA government for ââ¬Å"remediationâ⬠of the Bhopal gas tragedy site to pave the way for Dow Chemicals, now the majority stakeholder of Union Carbide Ltd, to invest in India. Tataââ¬â¢s initiative comes after Dow Chemicals President and CEO Andrew N Liveris expressed his apprehension in making large-scale investments in India after the De partment of Chemicals and Fertilizers filed an application in a PIL in a district court sug gesting that the $46-billion chemical giant should con tribute Rs 100 crore ($22 mil lion) for remediation of the site. At the India -US CEO forum meeting in New York last October, Liveris pointed out that the liability, if any, is of Union Carbide, which still exists as a separate company, and no liability rests with Dow as it was not in the picture when the disaster took place 22 years ago. Dow purchased Union Car bide Ltd in 1999. While Dow has made it clear that it would be willing to contribute voluntarily to the remediation of the site as part of the Indian CEOsââ¬â¢ corporate effort, it wants the government to clarify that it does not hold Dow legally re sponsible for the liabilities of Union Carbide. Writing to the MEA on November 8, Liveris, who is a member of Indo-US CEO forum, said that it was not possible for Dow to invest in India unless the issue was cleared. The Dow CEO said that it wants to work with the local industry CEOs, Madhya Pradesh Government and New Delhi to expedite the remediation efforts. However, the positive note is that Dow has been allowed collaboration with Reliance Industries Ltd by the Ministry of Industry after taking a green signal from the Law Ministry. The foreign collaboration approval was given to Dow in October, signalling that India has not blacklisted Dow as an investor. Dow now has large-scale plans to invest in Madhya Pradesh and proposes to even employ relatives of the Bhopal gas tragedy survivors. West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee has also indicated to Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) representatives that he is looking towards Dow setting up a chemical industry in his state. So in a bid to break the deadlock, Tata wrote to Planning Commission Vice Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia on November 28 that he was willing ââ¬Å"to lead and find funding for remediation of site above and below groundâ⬠in Bhopal. It is understood that Tata wants to set up a corpus with the help of other Indian companies and Dow to clean up the Bhopal plant site. Given that the issue is complex and has implications for investors, the UPA government is toying with the idea of setting up of a Committee of Secretaries under Cabinet Secretary B K Chaturvedi to examine Tataââ¬â¢s proposal and impleme ntation of the site remediation plan. An alternative is an inter -ministerial meeting with Tata or his representatives. Dow Chemicals purchased Union Carbide after all civil claims were settled as per the Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s decision. However, NGOs, in a PIL filed in the district court, have claimed that Dow must be held responsible for the remediation measures at the Bhopal site. But Dow says that while it is comfortable with the case 9 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster against Union Carbide proceeding in the court, it finds the Department of Chemicals suggestion that Dow fork out Rs 100 crore as an interpretation that the government was holding Dow liable. In a letter to the Ministry of Industry on December 8, the Charge dââ¬â¢ Affairs of the US Embassy in Delhi urged the government to withdraw the Rs 100-crore claim on Dow. While the top leadership of the UPA government is in favour of burying the legacy, a senior Cabinet Minister told The Indian Express: ââ¬Å"It is a sad history but should not bring about a stalemate. Dow has come to work in India, it is not shying and running away if we do not help Dow settle this, then the company will move to Thailand or Vietnam. â⬠local industry CEOs, Madhya Pradesh Government and New Delhi to expedite the remediation efforts. However, the positive note is that Dow has been allowed collaboration with Reliance Industries Ltd by the Ministry of Industry after taking a green signal from the Law Ministry. The foreign collaboration approval was given to Dow in October, signalling that India has not blacklisted Dow as an investor. Dow now has largescale plans to invest in Madhya Pradesh and proposes to even employ relatives of the Bhopal gas tragedy survivors. West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee has also indicated to Ministry of External Affairs (ME A) representatives that he is looking towards Dow setting up a chemical industry in his state. So in a bid to break the deadlock, Tata wrote to Planning Commission Vice Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia on November 28 that he was willing ââ¬Å"to lead and find fu nding for remediation of site above and below groundâ⬠in Bhopal. It is understood that Tata wants to set up a corpus with the help of other Indian companies and Dow to clean up the Bhopal plant site. Given that the issue is complex and has implications for investors, the UPA government is toying with the idea of setting up of a Committee of Secretaries under Cabinet Secretary B K Chaturvedi to examine Tataââ¬â¢s proposal and implementation of the site remediation plan. An alternative is an inter -ministerial meeting with Tata or his representatives. Dow Chemicals purchased Union Carbide after all civil claims were settled as per the Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s de- cision. However, NGOs, in a PIL filed in the district court, have claimed that Dow must be held responsible for the remediation measures at the Bhopal site. But Dow says that while it is comfortable with the case against Union Carbide proceeding in the court, it finds the Department of Chemicals suggestion that Dow fork out Rs 100 crore as an interpretation that the government was holding Dow liable. In a letter to the Ministry of Industry on December 8, the Charge dââ¬â¢ Affairs of the US Embassy in Delhi urged the govern- ment to withdraw the Rs 100-crore claim on Dow. While the top leadership of the UPA government is in favour of burying the legacy, a senior Cabinet Minister told The Indian Express: ââ¬Å"It is a sad history but should not bring about a stalemate. Dow has come to work in India, it is not shying and running away if we do not help Dow settle this, then the com pany will move to Thailand or Vietnam. â⬠Indian Express/Delhi/01/01/07 Do and Dow Proposal for voluntary corporate clean-up of Bhopal gas site merits serious consideration Successive Indian governments have failed Bhopalââ¬â¢s gas victims in a variety of ways. From the first shoddy efforts following the terrible incident to nondisbursal of compensation years after the tragedy ââ¬â it took a PIL and a resultant court ruling for the government to start moving on this front ââ¬â official responses have made clear there were two villains in the Bhopal case: the callously negligent factory management and the consistently indifferent government. That is why official attempts to act virtuous over Bhopal-related matters are particularly hard to swallow. More so, when after decades, some sensible proposals are being heard. As this newspaper reported on Monday, Ratan Tata has volunteered to take the lead in remediation ââ¬â bureaucratese for a clean-up ââ¬â of the Bhopal site and Dow Chemicals, which bought Union Carbide in 1999, has offered to be part of the process, including making substantial financial contributions. Since the department of chemicals is a plaintiff in an MP district court case where the demand is that Dow should pay Rs 100 crore for the clean-up, the question before the government is this: should it let the issue of Dow investing in India get horribly complicated by taking time and pushing files over the chemical companyââ¬â¢s legal liabilities, or should it sort out the issue quickly? The only victim in the case of a quick decision will be various departmentsââ¬â¢ efforts to look good. What needs to be remembered here is that the issue here is not of fixing criminal responsibility. Were that the case, no negotiations or offers would have mattered. The government wants Dow to pay, Dow is willing to pay, a respected Indian industrial house is willing to lead the process. So who gains if the department of chemicals insists that the court case must be the only way to sort out how much money Dow puts in? Arguments about corporate 10 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster malfeasance donââ¬â¢t apply here. And when they did ââ¬â the time when the tragedy happened ââ¬â the government didnââ¬â¢t seem to care. Bhopalââ¬â¢s victims paid. They are still paying. Indian Express/Delhi/ 02/01/07 984 Bhopal survivors say Ratan Tata antinational NEW DELHI, JANUARY 3: Leaders of four organisations of survivors of the December 1984 Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal have condemned Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tataââ¬â¢s offer to clear the path for DowUnion Carbideââ¬â¢s investments in India by leading an effort to pay for and clean up Union Carbideââ¬â¢s toxic was te in Bhopal. Displaying a poster of Ratan Tata with a garland of shoes around his neck they called him an anti-national element, who was causing damage to the people and environment by facilitating the expansion of US multinational Dow Chemical in this country. They appealed to Bhopal survivors to boycott Tataââ¬â¢s salt as a mark of protest, and have launched a national boycott campaign. The leaders emphasised that Dow Chemical took over the environme ntal liabilities of Bhopal when it became the 100% owner of Union Carbide in 2001. They said according to the ââ¬Å"polluter pays principleâ⬠, which is valid in the US and India, Dow/Union Carbide must pay for the clean up in Bhopal. Indian Express/ Delhi/ 04/0 1/2007 Bhopal Gas tragedy: SC asks MP govt to furnish response to panelââ¬â¢s report NEW DELHI, JANUARY 24: The Supreme Court today asked the Madhya Pradesh Government to furnish its response to the monitoring committeeââ¬â¢s report on whether medical facilities were inadequate for the victims of the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy, as noted by the committee appointed to ensure timely and adequate medicare facilities to the victims. The response will be filed within six weeks, said the Bench of Justices CK Thakker and Lokeshwar Singh Panta, who also directed the court appointed advisory committee to file its report within six weeks. The directions were issued on the PIL alleging gross neglect of the victims by the authorities in extending proper medicare and treatment facilities. PS Narasimha, counsel appearing for one of the NGOs complained that while the monitoring committee has been meeting regularly and performing its duties, the advisory committee constituted with eminent personalities has not been functional for the past two years. In compliance with the SCââ¬â¢s directions, the State Government on August 17, 2004 had constituted the two committees. According to the terms of references, while the monitoring committee was entrusted with the task of ensuring timely, efficient and effective medicare facilities to the victims, the advisory committee was to examine the treatment practices adopted by the Government and suggest proper measures to overcome the loopholes. It was directed to submit its report to the apex court after every six months. However, the counsel informed how the advisory committee had not been meeting for the past two years and was also not submitting its report to the apex court as directed. After the tragedy in 1984, three of the NGOs fighting for the victims had in January 1998, filed a petition in the apex court alleging that on an average 10 to 15 people were dying every month in the state on account of the after effects of the tragedy. It was pointed out that there was severe shortage of medicines and medical facilities, which was aggravating the problem. Besides, the fifth report of the monitoring committee which remarked about the ââ¬Å"woefulâ⬠performance of the State Government in extending proper medicare to the victims, was also placed on record. Indian Express/Delhi/ 25/01/07 Rs 3 cr to be earmarked for gas-hit cancer patients Bhopal, Feb 3: The fund amounting to Rs 70 lakh earmarked for the medical treatment of the cancer patients of Bhopal gas tragedy will be increased to more than four folds ie Rs three crore in the next financial year. Similarly, the hospitals of the gas relief department would keep on providing medical facilities on chargeable basis to the non gas affected patients on humanitarian ground. The aforesaid information was given during the meeting of the departmental advisory committee of the gas relief department. The minister for gas tragedy relief and rehabilitation Babulal Gaur presided over the meeting. The members of the committee MLAs Bhaktapal Singh, Phoolsingh Mewada, Principal Secretary Gas Relief MM Upadhyaya, Director Gas Relief MK Varshney and several officers were present on the occasion. Moreover, it has been decided in the meeting to pursue the case strongly with the union government regarding announcement of the remaining 20 wards of Bhopal as the gas affected and distribution of the relief amount. A demand of Rs 763 crore has been placed before the union government for these wards. Gaur informed that the high power committee constituted 11 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster for the gas affected has already consider the remaining 20 wards as the gas affected in principal. The union minister for human resources development Arjun Singh is the chairperson of the committee. It may be recalled that a proposal was passed by the state assembly and sent to the union government for its clearance. The CMO of the gas relief department Dr DP Agrawal informed that an amount of Rs. six crore 15 lakh has been spent for the free medical treatment of the gas affected cancer patients so far. And a provision of Rs hree crore is t being made in the next financial years budget. Further, a proposal of Rs two crore is being sent to the union government as per the recommendations made by the Indian council of medical research and renowned scientists of the country to set up 24 research projects regarding scientific study of disastrous effect of gas on the health of the people. Of these seven projects namely respiratory system, ophthalmology, mental diseases, epidemiological study, cyrogemetic, cancer and immunology have al ready been started. Moreover, Rs 90 lakh have been spent on the study of chemical waste and its collection so far. Out of which Rs ten lakh each have been paid to the IICT, NEERI and NGRI apart from Rs 60 lakh to MP pollution control board. Central Chronicle / Bhopal 04/02/07 Toxic legacy Ratan Tatas offer to help find funds to remove the toxic waste in UCCs Bhopal plant is inconsistent with the `polluter pays principle. V. VENKATESAN THE `polluter pays principle, which is a basic part of environmental law, requires that polluters bear the remedial or clean-up costs of the damage they cause o the environment and the expenditure of compensating the victims of the pollution. In the case of the victims of the 1984 Bhopal gas disaster, the polluter, Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), may claim that it fulfilled the second part of this principle, that is, payment of compensation to the victims through the settlement with the Gove rnment of India, approved by the Supreme Court. But the question of fixing the li ability for the remediation of the toxic waste left behind by its subsidiary Union Carbide India Ltd. UCIL), which ran the abandoned pesticide plant in Bhopal, continues to be intractable. Tata Group chairman Ratan Tata, according to a report carried in The Indian Express on January 1, has offered, in a letter to Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Msontek Singh Ahluwalia, to take the lead in finding the funds for remediation of the Bhopal site, above and below ground. Rata Tata has apparently made this offer to enable Dow Chemicals Co. the company that inherited in 1999 UCCs assets and liabilities to invest in India without getting bogged down in UCCs liabilities with regard to the clean-up. The Union Ministry of Chemicals Fertilizers has urged the Madhya Pradesh High Court to direct Dow to deposit Rs. 100 crores with the government for the remediation of the site. Dow is reluctant to invest in India or consider joint ventures with Indian companies until the government absolves the company of this liability. Survivors of the disaster, therefore, consider Ratan Tatas offer a mockery of the `polluter pays principle. Earlier, in his letter to Finance Minister P. Chidambaram on July 10, 2006, Ratan Tata, according to a press release issued by the Tata Groups spokesperson on January 17, made a similar suggestion. In the letter, Tata urged that remediation of the gas tragedy site be considered because of the likelihood of contamination of the soil and groundwater in the area, which would endanger the health and lives of the people of Bhopal. He suggested that one way forward might be to establish a fund for the remediation of the site. Should the government and the courts endorse such a line of action, an effort could be made to bring [together] likeminded corporate houses to contribute to such a fund. These suggestions are totally independent of the issues being addressed in the courts, he noted in his letter. In June 2005, under orders from the Madhya Pradesh High Court in a petition filed under a public interest litigation (PIL), the Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) initiated the process of removing the toxic waste from the plant site (Frontline, July 15, 2005). The effort was discontinued after the High Court constituted a task force to assess the magnitude of the problem. The task force set up a technical subcommittee (TSC) to suggest steps that could be taken to dispose of the waste that is lying above ground and that has been excavated from a number of sites within the UCIL factory grounds. The TSC includes the Chairman of the MPPCB, P. D. Meena; Senior Scientist of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), D. D. Basu; Director Grade Scientist of the National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Tapan Chakrabarty; Deputy Director of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, A. Krishna Reddy; and Head of the Environment Management Division, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), K. P. Nyati. The TSC has two co-opted members, in compliance with the High Court. They are the 12 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster renowned scientists P. M. Bhargava of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, and J. P. Gupta, Director-General, Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute. The mandate of the TSC is to give clear recommendations for the safe removal and disposal of the stored toxic waste. The TSC has so far met twice. In its first meeting, held at the CPCB, Delhi, on July 10, 2006, Bhargava suggested that the first option should be to apply the `polluter pays principle, and hence Dow Chemicals Co. should undertake the disposal of the waste. Dow Chemicals Co. , he said, must take responsibility for and bear the cost of its removal from UCIL, Bhopal, and its safe disposal in a suitable manner. He stated that the entire process and the treatments discussed by the TSC should be considered the second option. The TSC agreed to this suggestion and decided that it should be placed before the task force for consideration (according to the minutes of the TSC meeting accessed by Frontline). In its second meeting, held on August 26, 2006, the TSC unanimously recommended that the government should ask Dow Chemicals Co. to take all the waste out of the country (in such a manner that no one is submitted to any health hazards and all legitimate environmental concerns are addressed) for disposal at their expense. This, he TSC felt, would be the only fair, ethical, proper, legal and desirable way of taking care of a problem, for the following reasons: * This step would be compatible with the universally accepted principle that in such cases the responsibility for waste disposal must lie with those who generate the waste. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-56360093517610878672019-11-28T02:48:00.001-08:002019-11-28T02:48:05.902-08:00Paralinguistic Cues in Computer Abstract Computer based communication is an integral communication modality within the social, educational and professional environments. However, when using text-based CMC, it is common for people to form prejudice impressions about the personality traits of another individual.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Paralinguistic Cues in Computer-Mediated Communications in Personality Traits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This experiment investigated the effect of the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communications on personality traits. The findings suggest that the impressions formed about a personality trait of an individual rely on the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues during interaction. Introduction Computer based communication has become more popular and vary greatly with the ways in which individuals communicate within social, educational and professional environments . The differences not only lie in the surrounding environment, but also in the method of communication (Storms, Grottum Lycke, 2007). Communication entails both verbal and non-verbal aspects. While verbal communication involves exchange of words between individuals, non-verbal communication takes in different forms (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). Computer-mediated communications (CMC) refers to the communicative transaction involving the use of computers and communicative networks. The scope of computer mediated communications cuts across sociopsychological elements, particularly the topic on online interactions and their relations to everyday life, and to the application of paralinguistic aspects like emoticons (Storms, Grottum Lycke, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Paralinguistic cues play a significant role in human speech communication. A lot of studies have been carri ed out in attempts to elucidate how the use of paralinguistic features such as body language, facial expression and posture affect the level of communication (Amant, 2007). It is common for human beings to form prejudices about others even before speaking to them when socializing on a face-to-face basis. These preconceptions are often based on paralinguistic cues like gestures and appearance (Epley Kruger, 2005). However, in the computer-mediated communications, these impressions would only be formed based on text message interactions. According to DeLamater and Myers (2007), the accuracy of communication is greatly enhanced by the use of multiple cues, as opposed to a single communication channel. Computer-mediated communication features such as lack of social context cues often make this form of communication less personal (Holland, 2008). There is need to gain more insight on how the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues affects the expectations or preconceptions that people form of each other in CMC interactions. Various theories have been proposed in attempts to explain the role of paralinguistic cues in influence the stereotypes and expectancies over computer-mediated communication. Some of these theories include the social context cues theory and the social information processing theory.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Paralinguistic Cues in Computer-Mediated Communications in Personality Traits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social context cues theory proposes that the absence of paralinguistic cues in CMC makes it highly ambiguous (Epley Kruger, 2005). As a result, people depend on their personal stereotypes to make preconceptions about the other personââ¬â¢s character. CMC, thus, allows the persistence of expectancies or stereotypes due to the absence of paralinguistic cues ordinarily the question then (Holland, 2008). A highly standardized experiment was performe d by Epley and Kruger (2005) to investigate impressions on different communication channels and the resultant stereotypes and expectancies. The researchers performed three experiments, whereby they moderated the participantââ¬â¢s anticipations regarding the interviewee. The interviews were done either on phone or e-mail. Phone communication was found to confer features reminiscent of face-to-face interaction, even though the conversations relied on simple, preset questions and rapid responses. In contrast, communication through e-mail conferred no actual interactions between the parties, though the answers the interviewees gave were similar to those from phone communication. The results indicated that the preformed notions about the interviewee persisted more over e-mail than over the phone (Epley Kruger, 2005). Conversely, the social information processing theory suggests that potential deficiencies of CMC are indemnified by the use of text based non-verbal cues like ââ¬ËLau ghing Out Loudââ¬â¢ (LOL) and ââ¬Ëmhhhââ¬â¢. The usage of emoticons in CMC provides an emotional setting to users (Walther Dââ¬â¢Addario, 2001).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More CMC users can, thus, express socio-emotional content with only written text via these non-verbal cues and timing of the messages. A recent social experiment showed that live CMC chats could challenge pre-interaction stereotypes better than phone communication (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). In this study, the researchers let the interviewees respond naturally to questions posed by the interviewers through phone and live chats. The study demonstrated that live chats provide a variety of non- or marginally verbal expressions surpassing those provided by voice communication. This is because people can use live chats intelligent features, involving verbal and non-verbal cues, to deliver precisely what face-to-face could achieve (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). However, these experiments were hampered by a variety of limitations. One limitation was the use of faulty experimental designs, which did not correctly simulate natural CMC interactions (Epley Kruger, 2005). Other experiments l acked control parameters, hence making it difficult to establish causal relationships (Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). The aim of the current study was to investigate whether paralinguistic cues in CMC interactions were sufficient to challenge the expectation that the target individual was introverted on personality trait rating. It is predicted that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication interactions will not have an effect on personality trait ratings, according to the social cues theory. It is also predicted that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication interactions will have an effect on extroversion ratings, according to the social information processing theory. Method Participants The participants were undergraduate introductory psychology students at Monash University from Clayton, Caulfield, Peninsula, Sunway and South Africa campuses. Materials Internet connected computers were used to condu ct the experiment. An online profile for the CMC interaction was created. The profile, called MINGLE.COM, consisted of an individualââ¬â¢s photo and personal details such as date of birth, relationship status and work details. A questionnaire with 20 questions was designed to provide extraversion ratings. The CMC interaction to be observed involved a series of questions and responses between the target and the interviewer. The interviewer questions were like, ââ¬Å"what would be your favorite way to spend the summer holiday? Examples of the responses from a target were ââ¬Å"DEFINITELY at the beach. â⬠¦..: D, LOLâ⬠¦..sure thing:), yep. Just be warnedâ⬠¦dun dunduuuuuun! Extraversion ratings were on a scale of 1-7, depending on the responses of the participants. The responses to the questions had seven options to choose from. To measure the personality, the extraversion scale was utilized whereby individuals with introvert personality would have a score of 20 to 80 wh ile those having an extrovert personality would have a score range of between 80 and 140. Procedure The sample was divided into three groups A, B, and C who observed a CMC interaction. Group A was the paralinguistic cues group with 120 men and 342 women (M=20.7 years, SD=5.3). Group B was the plain text group with 125 men and 308 women (M=21.2 years, SD=5.4). Group C was the control group with 131 men and 329 women (M=20.9 years, SD=5.1). The total sample had 1355 participants (M=20.9, SD=5.23). Convenience sampling was adopted as this study was part of the course requirement. Initially, the participants were naà ¯ve regarding the true nature of the study. However, they were debriefed and instructed online as to the intent and procedure. The participants were directed to observe a past CMC activity. A profile stimulating the expectation in participants that the target individual was introverted was designed. Participants looked at this profile, and then observed the target individu al communicating with an uncontrolled third party. Participants were then divided into two groups. One group looked at the basic text interaction while the other looked at a realistic paralinguistic communication with many cues hinting that the target was an extrovert. The text used for the interactions was made from a real paralinguistic interaction from which all cues were removed to produce a basic text interaction. Therefore, the conversations had identical contents apart from the paralinguistic introduced. The major aim was to establish if paralinguistic information in CMC provided enough evidence to clear the preformed ideas that the target was an introvert. Design The study used an independent measure design. There were two levels of independent variable conditions used. These were the group with the basic text interaction and the group with the paralinguistic interaction. The dependent variable was the extroversion rating. Results The participants were asked questions, which they were to respond to from the given options such as strongly disagree, disagree, somewhat disagree, neither agree nor disagree, somewhat agree, agree, and strongly agree. From the 20 questions posed to the participants, responses were measured on an extraversion scale of 1-7, with the highest possible personality score being 140 and the lowest being 20. The higher the score, the more the extraverted rating an individual was given. It was predicted that presence or absence of paralinguistic cues would not influence the extroversion ratings when considering the social cues theory. In relation to the social information processing theory, it was also predicted that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues would influence extroversion ratings. Group A, which had participants observing a CMC interaction for paralinguistic cues, rated the targets as extrovert (M=91.74, SD=37.42) while group B, with participants observing plain text interaction, rated the targets as introvert (M=7 9.84, SD=29.08). Group C, which was the control, indicated that the targets were introverts (M=72.16, SD=29.08). Discussion The results indicate that the presence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication can influence the impressions formed about the personality traits of an individual. In group A, the participants rated the target as highly extrovert in spite of the fact that the targets were presented as introverts. The findings further advance the social information processing theory which emphasizes more on the style of communication as an important aspect of impression formation. Use of non-verbal, text based cues such as emoticons, ellipses and hyphens can help in deciphering the personality trait of a person in a CMC interaction (Hancock Dunham, 2001; Walther, Deandrea Tong, 2010). In group B, most participants used their preformed concepts to rate the target as being introvert. This is because plain texts may often undermine the impressions about the perso nality traits as a result of the inadequate information it relays. These results, therefore, support the social cues theory proposition that absence of social cues in a computer-mediated communication environment increases ambiguity, hence people use their stereotypes to form preconceptions about personality traits. The findings are in agreement with the arguments by Epley and Krugler (2005) that absence of nonverbal cues hinders people from discerning another personââ¬â¢s characters. Conclusion The data from group C, the control, rated the targets as introverts. Given that this data falls between the data for groups A and B, then group C suggests that the profile was successful in measuring the objectives of the study. It can, therefore, be concluded that the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communication can influence the impressions about the personality traits of a person. The impressions formed depend on the communication style. References Aman t, K. (2007). Linguistic and cultural online communication issues in the global age. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. DeLamater, J. D., Myers, D. J. (2007). Social psychology, 6th edn. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education. Epley, N., Kruger, J. (2005). What you type isnââ¬â¢t what they read: The perseverance of stereotypes and expectancies over email. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 414-422. Hancock, J. T., Dunham, P. J. (2001). Impression formation in computer-mediated communication revisited: An analysis of the breadth and intensity of impressions. Communication Research, 28, 325-347. Holland, S. (2008). Remote relationships in a small world. New York, NY: Peter Lang. Storms, H. I., Grottum, P. P., Lycke, K. H. (2007). Content and processes in problem-based learning: A comparison of computer-mediated and face-to-face communication. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23(3), 271-282. Walther, J. B., Dââ¬â¢Addario, K. P. (2001). The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 324-347. Walther, J. B., Deandrea, D. C., Tong, S. T. (2010). Computer-mediated communication versus vocal communication and the attenuation of pre-interaction impressions. Media Psychology, 13, 364-386. This report on Paralinguistic Cues in Computer-Mediated Communications in Personality Traits was written and submitted by user Ryland Eaton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-31859630002078979592019-11-24T10:23:00.001-08:002019-11-24T10:23:03.116-08:00Free Essays on MeepMETAPHYSICS Whereas sciences deal with particular kinds of beings, metaphysics is concerned with beings as such. According to Aristotle, there is no such thing as mere being; to be is always to be a substance or object, a quantity, a quality, or a member of some other basic category. I. Substance and Accidents Substance is the primary mode of being according to Aristotle. The world is not one of atoms or particles, even though they have a place in the world. The basic notion of Aristotleââ¬â¢s logic reflects a distinction in the way reality is structured and reflects the basic way that we view reality. Substance is whatever is a natural kind of thing and exists in its own right. Examples are rocks, trees, animals and the like. For instance, a dog is basically the same whether it is black or brown. A dog would be substance because it exists in its own right; it does not exist in something else, the way a color does. Accidents are the modifications that substance undergoes, but that does not change the kind of thing that each substance is. Accidents only exist when they are the accidents of some substance. For Aristotle, there are ten categories into which things naturally fall. They are substance and a total of nine accidents: quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, disposition (the arrangement of parts) and ââ¬Å"rainmentâ⬠(whether a thing is dressed or armed, etc) All of these distinctions are basically logical, but in a sense they reflect the structure of reality. One never finds any substance that we experience without some accidents, or an accident that is not the accident of a substance. II. Matter and Form Aristotle utilized the concept of matter and form in an entirely new way, stating that everything that becomes consists of a foundation, a substratum (that which forms the foundation), and form. Aristotleââ¬â¢s theory was firmly rooted in his broader metaphysics, according to which all things are a combination of m... Free Essays on Meep Free Essays on Meep METAPHYSICS Whereas sciences deal with particular kinds of beings, metaphysics is concerned with beings as such. According to Aristotle, there is no such thing as mere being; to be is always to be a substance or object, a quantity, a quality, or a member of some other basic category. I. Substance and Accidents Substance is the primary mode of being according to Aristotle. The world is not one of atoms or particles, even though they have a place in the world. The basic notion of Aristotleââ¬â¢s logic reflects a distinction in the way reality is structured and reflects the basic way that we view reality. Substance is whatever is a natural kind of thing and exists in its own right. Examples are rocks, trees, animals and the like. For instance, a dog is basically the same whether it is black or brown. A dog would be substance because it exists in its own right; it does not exist in something else, the way a color does. Accidents are the modifications that substance undergoes, but that does not change the kind of thing that each substance is. Accidents only exist when they are the accidents of some substance. For Aristotle, there are ten categories into which things naturally fall. They are substance and a total of nine accidents: quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, disposition (the arrangement of parts) and ââ¬Å"rainmentâ⬠(whether a thing is dressed or armed, etc) All of these distinctions are basically logical, but in a sense they reflect the structure of reality. One never finds any substance that we experience without some accidents, or an accident that is not the accident of a substance. II. Matter and Form Aristotle utilized the concept of matter and form in an entirely new way, stating that everything that becomes consists of a foundation, a substratum (that which forms the foundation), and form. Aristotleââ¬â¢s theory was firmly rooted in his broader metaphysics, according to which all things are a combination of m... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-82973125054434573152019-11-21T07:10:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:10:06.360-08:00The Role of Public Affairs in U.S. Military Operations EssayThe Role of Public Affairs in U.S. Military Operations - Essay Example The media has also improved the accuracy of reporting and allowed the audience to know their perspective. The benefit is especially important when there is an express need for the military to rapidly influence public opinion such as at the outset of a military action so as to mobilize immediate public support. The relationship with the media was strained during the Vietnam War but later the Department of Defense improved this relationship, which gave rise to the ââ¬Ëembedded media processââ¬â¢. This had a positive effect on public opinion. In reality, conducting Public Affairs is a complicated task. It is a skill of the PAO to handle any kind of sensitive information and deal effectively with those who are informing and those are to be informed. The office of PA is very important in the age of real time news, and the public media has a very powerful influence and immediate effect such that army conduct can very easily have strategic consequences. This research paper begins with a brief description of the office of Public Affairs and the role of the Public Affairs Officer, and then surveys the important role of Public Affairs in US military operations focusing on how public media has had a positive influence on the US Army. However, some problems and deficiencies are also highlighted. Finally, a case study focuses on the PA and media experience in the war against Iraq. The offices of Public Affairs are important branches of the US Department of Defense that deal with the public media as well as playing a community role. They comprise of not only military officers and enlisted personnel but also civilians. The role of the main Public Affairs Officer (PAO) is to develop ââ¬Å"a working relationship with reporters and other media representatives, maintaining a robust community relations program, keeping contact with other government agencies, and keepingâ⬠¦[its own internal members and the general public] informed on issues that may affect themâ⬠(Wikipedia, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-1141090345666447952019-11-20T08:30:00.001-08:002019-11-20T08:30:04.476-08:00Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage ( Please see the assignment CourseworkMichael Porter, Competitive Advantage ( Please see the assignment criteria ) - Coursework Example At a certain point of time (during the year 1981) the bank chose to capture the market of wholesale credit. The bank although succeeded in achieving its aim but the achievement of leadership position in this loan segment could not be transformed into competitive advantage. Conversely, this strive towards leadership made the bank grant even those loans which other banks were not granting at that point of time to the borrowers. Thus, the bank got involved in escalation of cost and gradually the bank became ineffective (Porter, 1998). The bank failed to transform its leadership strategy into competitive advantage because the structure of the industry did not support leadership (University of Pennsylvania, 2011). For achieving the competitive position, the bank should have focused on attaining both differentiation as well as cost leadership. Leadership indicated that the bank had to deal with various corporations which are quite large and are sensitive towards prices of the loans. The po or position of the bank made various wholesale operators withdraw their funds from the bank that left the bank in a situation of liquidity disaster. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-33336491406602556312019-11-17T23:20:00.001-08:002019-11-17T23:20:05.668-08:00The Home Video Game Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsThe Home Video Game - Case Study Example Nintendo is a one-century old video game company in Japan. Before diversifying into the video game business, Nintendo had built up a card playing business. Nintendo Company is located in Kyoto and is managed by Yamauchi family. It started diversifying into the video game business in the 1970s. Nintendo acquired a video game technology license from Magnavox. The company introduced a home video game system in Japan in 1977. The game was based on the technology which played a Pong variation. Later, in 1978, Nintendo started selling coin-operated video games. Nintendo encountered the first hit with Donkey Kong, a company designed by Shigeru Miyamoto (Hill 20). Capabilities and competitive advantage that led to Nintendoââ¬â¢s success in the home game industry included the decision of the companyââ¬â¢s manager which involved Nintendo developing its own video game machine. The manager pushed the engineers of the company to construct high-quality machines. The machines combined high graphics capabilities and their cost was low. They were sold at a half price less than the competing machines (Hill 20). The designed machines were based on consoles, controllers, and plugs in the cartridge format. The machines were made up of two chips which included an eight-bit processing unit and a graphics processing unit. Each chip performed an essential function. To lower the cost of the machines, the manager avoided using the 16-bit processor that was available at that time. The most important aspect of Nintendo Companyââ¬â¢s strategy was the creation of cheap but high-quality games. Another important aspect was creating games with few instructions. The environment of the home video game does not allow for a single company to remain dominant over a long period. This is because success in the industry attracts many competitors.à à Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5898416312171987872.post-34942830532305507112019-11-15T11:52:00.001-08:002019-11-15T11:52:05.353-08:00Analysis of Theory Z of ManagementAnalysis of Theory Z of Management THEORY Z Definition It is a management theory developed by William Ouchi, describing the Japanese system of management characterized by the workers deep involvement in management, higher productivity than the U.S. Management model, and a highly developed system of organizational and sociological rewards. Ouchi contends that this management system can be used anywhere with equal success. Theory Z is an approach to management based upon a combination of American and Japanese management philosophies and characterized by, among other things, long-term job security, consensual decision making, slow evaluation and promotion procedures, and individual responsibility within a group context. Proponents of Theory Z suggest that it leads to improvements in organizational performance. The following sections highlight the development of Theory Z, Theory Z as an approach to management including each of the characteristics noted above, and an evaluation of Theory Z. Realizing the historical context in which Theory Z emerged is helpful in understanding its underlying principles. The following section provides this context. DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY Z Knowing the historical context in which Theory Z emerged is helpful in understanding its underlying principles. Theory Z has been called a sociological description of the humanistic organizations advocated by management pioneers such as Elton Mayo, Chris Argyris, Rensis Likert, and Douglas McGregor. In fact, the descriptive phrase, Theory Z. can be traced to the work of Douglas McGregor in the 1950s and 1960s. McGregor, a psychologist and college president, identified a negative set of assumptions about human nature, which he called Theory X, while those he categorised in Theory Y were more positive about human nature as it relates to employees. In McGregors view, managers who adopted Theory Y beliefs would exhibit different, more humanistic, and ultimately more effective management styles. McGregors work was read widely, and Theory Y became a well-known prescription for improving management practices. But in the 1970s and 1980s, many United States industries lost market share to international competitors, particularly Japanese companies. Concerns about the competitiveness of U. S. companies led some to examine Japanese management practices for clues to the success enjoyed by many of their industries. This led to many articles and books purporting to explain the success of Japanese companies. It was in this atmosphere that Theory Z was introduced into the management lexicon. This theory was presented by William Ouchi in his 1981 book, à ¢Ã ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬Ãâ¹Ã
âTheory Z: How American Management can meet Japanese Challenge. Ouchi is Professor of Management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. Theory Z was first identified as a unique management approach by William Ouchi. Ouchi contrasted American types of organizations (Type A) that were rooted in the United States tradition of individualism with Japanese organizations (Type J) that drew upon the Japanese heritage of collectivism. He argued that an emerging management philosophy, which came to be called Theory Z, would allow organizations to enjoy many of the advantages of both systems. Professor Ouchi advocated a modified American approach to management that would capitalize on the best characteristics of Japanese organizations while retaining aspects of management that are deeply rooted in U.S. traditions of individualism. Ouchi cited several companies as examples of Type Z organizations and proposed that a Theory Z management approach could lead to greater employee job satisfaction, lower rates of absenteeism and turnover, higher quality products, and better overall financial performance for U.S. firms adapting Theory Z management practices. THEORY Z AS AN APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT Theory Z represents a humanistic approach to management. Although it is based on Japanese management principles, it is not a pure form of Japanese management. Instead, Theory Z is a hybrid management approach combining Japanese management philosophies with U.S. culture. In addition, Theory Z breaks away from McGregors Theory Y. Theory Y is a largely psychological perspective focusing on individual dyads of employer-employee relationships while Theory Z changes the level of analysis to the entire organization. According to Professor Ouchi, Theory Z organizations exhibit a strong, homogeneous set of cultural values that are similar to clan cultures. The clan culture is characterized by homogeneity of values, beliefs, and objectives. Clan cultures emphasize complete socialization of members to achieve congruence of individual and group goals. Although Theory Z organizations exhibit characteristics of clan cultures, they retain some elements of bureaucratic hierarchies, such as formal authority relationships, performance evaluation, and some work specialization. Proponents of Theory Z suggest that the common cultural values should promote greater organizational commitment among employees. EVALUATION OF THEORY Z Research into whether Theory Z organizations outperform others has yielded mixed results. Some studies suggest that Type Z organizations achieve benefits both in terms of employee satisfaction, motivation, and commitment as well as in terms of financial performance. Other studies conclude that Type Z organizations do not outperform other organizations. Difficulties in the Japanese economy in the 1990s led some researchers to suggest that the widespread admiration of Japanese management practices in the 1970s and 1980s might have been misplaced. As a result, Theory Z has also received considerable criticism. It is unclear whether Theory Z will have a lasting impact on management practices in the U. S. and around the world into the twenty-first century, but by positioning target research at the organizational level rather then the individual level, Ouchi will surely leave his mark on management practice for years to come. Management Concepts Motivation: Believes that people are innately self motivated to not only do their work, but also are loyal towards the company, and want to make the company succeed. Leadership: Theory Z managers would have to have a great deal of trust that their workers could make sound decisions. Therefore, this type of leader is more likely to act as coach, and let the workers make most of the decisions. Power and Authority: The managers ability to exercise power and authority comes from the workers trusting management to take care of them, and allow them to do their jobs. The workers have a great deal of input and weight in the decision making process. Conflict: Conflict in the Theory Z arena would involve a great deal of discussion, collaboration, and negotiation. The workers would be the ones solving the conflicts, while the managers would play more of a third party arbitrator role. Performance Appraisals: Theory Z emphasises more frequent performance appraisals, but slower promotions. THE PRIMARY FEATURES OF THEORY Z 1. Long-Term Employment Traditional U.S. organizations are plagued with short-term commitments by employees, but employers using more traditional management perspective may inadvertently encourage this by treating employees simply as replaceable cogs in the profit-making machinery. In the United States, employment at will, which essentially means the employer or the employee can terminate the employment relationship at any time, has been among the dominant forms of employment relationships. Conversely, Type J organizations generally make life-long commitments to their employees and expect loyalty in return, but Type J organizations set the conditions to encourage this. This promotes stability in the organization and job security among employees. 2. Consensual Decision Making The Type Z organization emphasizes communication, collaboration, and consensus in decision making. This marks a contrast from the traditional Type A organization that emphasizes individual decision-making. 3. Individual Responsibility Type A organizations emphasize individual accountability and performance appraisal. Traditionally, performance measures in Type J companies have been oriented to the group. Thus, Type Z organizations retain the emphasis on individual contributions that are characteristic of most American firms by recognizing individual achievements, albeit within the context of the wider group. 4. Slow Evaluation And Promotion The Type A organization has generally been characterized by short-term evaluations of performance and rapid promotion of high achievers. The Type J organization, conversely, adopts the Japanese model of slow evaluation and promotion. 5. Informal Control With Formalized Measures The Type Z organization relies on informal methods of control, but does measure performance through formal mechanisms. This is an attempt to combine elements of both the Type A and Type J organizations. 6. Moderately Specialized Career Path Type A organizations have generally had quite specialized career paths, with employees avoiding jumps from functional area to another. Conversely, the Type J organization has generally had quite non-specialized career paths. The Type Z organization adopts a middle-of-the-road posture, with career paths that are less specialized than the traditional U.S. model but more specialized than the traditional Japanese model. 7. Holistic Concern The Type Z organization is characterized by concern for employees that goes beyond the workplace. This philosophy is more consistent with the Japanese model than the U.S. model. Overview Theory Z is basically the combination of best aspects of Japanese and American theories. The three theories bring forth three types of firms, which is Type J Firms, Type A firms and Type Z firms. To clearly understand the features of theory z an understanding of the theory J and Theory A is necessary. Features of theory J: Lifetime Employment Collective decision making Collective responsibility Slow promotion Implied control mechanisms Non specialised career Paths Holistic concern of employees. Features of Theory A: Short term employment Individual decision making Individual Responsibility Rapid promotion Explicit Control mechanism Specialized career paths Segmented concern for employees Theory Z picks the best feature from each and either incorporates it as it is, or slightly modifies the feature. The end result is the Theory Z which is referred to as Best choice for American firms. Features of Theory Z: Long-term employment Collective decision making Individual responsibility Slow promotion Informal Control Moderately specialized career paths Holistic concern for employees CONCLUSION According to Ouchi, Theory Z management tends to promote stable employment, high productivity, and high employee morale and satisfaction. Theory Z is focused on increasing employee loyalty to the company by providing a job for life with a strong focus on the well-being of the employee, both on and off the job. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0